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[[File:中国度量衡.jpg|350px|缩略图|右|<big>中国度量衡</big>[https://ss1.bdstatic.com/70cFuXSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=1325648941,639436486&fm=26&gp=0.jpg 原图链接][http://www.51wendang.com/doc/2dd2edfc28532e0caea9a614 来自 无忧文档 的图片]]] '''中国度量衡'''是传统对[[计量]][[长度]]、[[容量]]、[[重量]]的统称。度代表[[长度]],量代表[[容量]]<ref>[http://www.qulishi.com/news/201702/163911.html 什么是度量衡:用于计量长短容积轻重的统称],趣历史</ref>,衡则代表[[重量]](权衡)。现代对[[度量衡]]的广泛定义为任何-{表}-示[[物理量]](如[[温度]]、[[时间]])的[[度量]](又称为计量)。 ==历代度量衡制演变简表== ===度=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 度制 |----- ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 时代 ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 单位换算 ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 公制换算(-{zh-hans:厘米; zh-hant:公分;}-cm) |----- | [[商朝|商]] || 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 || 1尺 = 16.95, 1寸 =1.58 |----- | [[周朝|周]] || 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 || 1尺 =19.1,1寸 = 1.58。楚国一尺 =22.7 |----- | [[战国]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 =2.31, 1分 = 0.231;1铜尺 =23 |----- | [[秦朝|秦]] | 1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231 |----- | [[汉朝|汉]] | 1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231;一牙尺 = 23.3,王莽一货币尺 = 23.1;后汉一铜尺 = 23.6 |----- | [[三国]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.2, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242; |----- | [[西晋]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242 |----- | [[东晋]]及[[十六国]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245<br>十六国前后赵一尺 =24.3,南齐一骨尺 =24.7,南梁一铜尺 =24.95 |----- | [[南北朝]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 南朝:1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245<br>北朝:1丈 = 296, 1尺 = 29.6, 1寸 = 2.96, 1分 = 0.296<br>一中尺 =27.9,王尺=26.7,后尺=34.75;西魏周王室用王尺,东魏北齐王室用后尺民间一尺=24.95 |----- | [[隋朝|隋]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 296, 1尺 = 29.6, 1寸 = 2.96, 1分 = 0.296;一水尺 = 27.4. |----- | [[唐朝|唐]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 小尺:1丈 = 300, 1尺 = 30, 1寸 = 3, 1分 = 0.3<br>大尺:1丈 = 360, 1尺 = 36, 1寸 = 3.6, 1分 = 0.36<br>宗庙星历用尺一尺 = 24.75 |----- | [[五代十国]]及[[辽朝|辽]][[金朝|金]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 300, 1尺 = 30, 1寸 = 3, 1分 = 0.3 |----- | [[宋朝|宋]][[元朝|元]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 312, 1尺 = 31.2, 1寸 = 3.12, 1分 = 0.312 |----- | [[明朝|明]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 裁衣尺:1尺 = 34, 1寸 = 3.4<br>量地尺:1尺 = 32.7, 1寸 = 3.27<br>营造尺:1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2 |----- | [[清朝|清]] || 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 裁衣尺:1丈 = 355, 1尺 = 35.5, 1寸 = 3.55<br>量地尺:1丈 = 345, 1尺 = 34.5, 1寸 = 3.45<br>营造尺:1丈 = 320, 1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2 |}<ref>[http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6fc3e7790101ec2f.html 中国历代度量衡制演变简表] ,新浪博客 2013-12-6</ref> *[[营造尺库平制#长度|营造尺库平制]]:1里 = 18引 = 180丈 = 360步 = 1800尺 = 1,8000寸 = 18,0000分 = 180,0000厘 = 1800,0000毫 = 576米 *[[市制#长度|市制]]:1里 = 15引 = 150丈 = 1500尺 = 1,5000寸 = 15,0000分 = 150,0000厘 = 1500,0000毫 = 500米 → 请参考[[市制|中国市制]] ===量=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 量制 |----- ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 时代 ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 单位换算 ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 公制换算(毫升mL) |----- | [[战国]] | 齐:1锺 = 10釜, 1釜 = 4区, 1区 = 4豆, 1豆 = 4升<br>楚:1筲 = 5升<br>秦:1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升<br>三晋(韩、赵、魏):1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 | |----- | [[秦朝|秦]] || 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 || 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200;商鞅变法1方升= 201 |----- | [[汉朝|汉]] | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合, 1合 = 2龠, 1龠 = 5撮, 1撮 = 4圭 | 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20, 1龠 = 10, 1撮 = 2, 1圭 = 0.5 |----- | [[三国]]和[[晋朝|两晋]] || 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1斛 = 20450, 1斗 = 2045, 1升 = 204.5, 1合 = 20.45 |----- | [[南北朝]] || 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1斛 = 30000, 1斗 = 3000, 1升 = 300, 1合 = 30 |----- | [[隋朝|隋]] || 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 开皇:1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60<br> [[大业]]:1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20 |----- | [[唐朝|唐]] || 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 大:1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60<br> 小:1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20 |----- | [[宋朝|宋]] | 1[[石 (容量单位)|石]] = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1[[石 (容量单位)|石]] = 67000,1斛 = 33500, 1斗 = 6700, 1升 = 670,1合 = 67 |----- | [[元朝|元]] | 1[[石 (容量单位)|石]] = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1[[石 (容量单位)|石]] = 95000,1斛 = 47500, 1斗 = 9500, 1升 = 950,1合 = 95 |----- | [[明朝|明]][[清朝|清]] | 1[[石 (容量单位)|石]] = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1[[石 (容量单位)|石]] = 100000,1斛 = 50000, 1斗 = 10000, 1升 = 1000,1合 = 100 |} *[[营造尺库平制#容量|营造尺库平制]]:1石 = 2斛 = 10-{斗}- = 100升 = 1000合 = 1,0000勺 = 3160立方寸 = 103.54688公升 *[[市制#容积|市制]]:1市石(ㄉㄢˋ) = 10市-{斗}- = 100市升 = 1000市合(ㄍㄜˇ) = 1,0000勺 = 10,0000撮 = 100公升 → 请参考[[市制|中国市制]]<ref>[http://printmaking1101.blog.sohu.com/137559077.html 中国历代度量衡制演变简表],搜狐博客2009-11-23</ref> ===衡=== {| class="wikitable" |+ '''衡制''' |----- ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 时代 ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 单位换算 ! style="BACKGROUND: #efefef" | 公制换算(公克g) |----- | [[战国]] | 楚:1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢<br>赵:1[[石 (质量单位)|石]] = 120斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢<br>魏:1镒 = 10釿,1釿 = 20两<br>秦:1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 | 1斤 = 250,1两 = 15.6,1铢 = 0.65<br>1石 = 30000,1斤 = 250,1两 = 15.6,1铢 = 0.65<br>1镒 = 315,1釿 = 31.5<br>1石 = 30360,1钧 = 7590,1斤 = 253,1两 = 15.8,1铢 = 0.66 |----- | [[秦朝|秦]] | 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 | 1石 = 30360,1钧 = 7590,1斤 = 253,1两 = 15.8,1铢 = 0.66 |----- | [[汉朝|汉]] | 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 | 西汉:1石 = 29760,1钧 = 7440,1斤 = 248,1两 = 15.5,1铢 = 0.65<br>东汉:1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8,1铢 = 0.57 |----- | [[三国]] | 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 | 1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8,1铢 = 0.57 |----- | [[晋朝|两晋]] | 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 | 1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8,1铢 = 0.57 |----- | [[南北朝]] | 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 | 南齐:1斤 = 330,梁、陈:1斤 = 220;<br>北魏、北齐:1斤 = 440,北周:1斤 = 660 |----- | [[隋朝|隋]] | 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 | 大:1石 = 79320,1钧 = 19830,1斤 = 661,1两 = 41.3<br>小:1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8 |----- | [[唐朝|唐]] | 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 10钱,1钱 = 10分 | 1石 = 79320,1斤 = 661,1两 = 41.3,1钱 = 4.13,1分 = 0.41 |----- | [[宋朝|宋]][[元朝|元]] | 1石 = 120斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 10钱,1钱 = 10分 | 1石 = 75960,1斤 = 633,1两 = 40,1钱 = 4,1分 = 0.4 |----- | [[明朝|明]][[清朝|清]] | 1石 = 120斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 10钱,1钱 = 10分 | 1石 = 70800,1斤 = 590,1两 = 36.9,1钱 = 3.69,1分 = 0.37 |}<ref>[http://www.doc88.com/p-473422896031.html 中国历代衡制演变简表],道客巴巴</ref> *[[营造尺库平制#重量|营造尺库平制]]:1斤 = 16两 = 160钱 = 1600分 = 1,6000厘 = 16,0000毫 = 596.816克 *[[市制#重量|市制]]:1斤 = 16两 = 160钱 = 1600分 = 1,6000厘 = 16,0000毫 = 160,0000丝 = 500克 → [[市制|更详细的请参考中国市制]] ===面积=== *[[营造尺库平制#地积|营造尺库平制]]:1顷 = 100亩 = 1000分 = 1,0000厘 = 10,0000毫 = 60,0000方尺 = 6,1440平方米 *[[市制#面积|市制]]:1顷 = 100亩 = 1000分 = 1,0000厘 = 10,0000毫 = 60,0000平方尺 = 66666⅔ 平方米 ==现况== 现时[[中国大陆]]是以[[公制]]为主,辅以[[市制]];[[台湾]]以公制和[[台制]]为主。 ===港澳=== 在[[香港]]和[[澳门]],由于长时期为[[英国]]及[[葡萄牙]]属地,并没有受市制改革影响;虽然政府曾大力推广[[十进制]],但民间仍然沿用[[司马斤]](和[[英制]]、[[公制]]同时使用)<ref>[http://www.doc88.com/p-7728835942267.html 东亚各国市制单位],道客巴巴</ref>;「1[[担]]=100斤、1斤(和清朝官府[[库平制]]不太一样,司马斤相等于604.79克,库平制1斤相等于596.82克)=16两、1两(37.7994克)=10钱、1钱=10分」等换算仍广泛用于[[粮食]]及[[中药材]]买卖至今。[[贵金属]]买卖使用[[金衡]]两,即37.429克。 ==视频== ===<center> 中国度量衡 相关视频</center>=== <center> 度量衡 </center> <center>{{#iDisplay:y0121s7idhj|560|390|qq}}</center> <center> 商鞅统一度量衡</center> <center>{{#iDisplay:m0713n0ud5o|560|390|qq}}</center> <center>.物理量-物质的量</center> <center>{{#iDisplay:i0755l7dgvh|560|390|qq}}</center> <center> 计量长度的历史(配音)(二) </center> <center>{{#iDisplay:h016650gwza|560|390|qq}}</center> ==参考文献== [[Category:310 數學總論]] [[Category:510 統計學總論]]
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