檢視俄羅斯聯邦併吞克里米亞的原始碼

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! <p style="background: #FFFF99; color: #00DB20; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; ">克里米亞吞併 </p>

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<small>[https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202202230024.aspx 圖片來自「中央社」] <br>

'''地點'''　　　　克里米亞<br>

'''日期'''　　　　2014年2月23日－2014年3月19日<ref name=CNN>{{cite news | url= http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/31/politics/crimea-explainer/ | title= Is Crimea gone? Annexation no longer the focus of Ukraine crisis | publisher= CNN | accessdate= 2014-07-12 | archive-date= 2014-06-24 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140624112033/http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/31/politics/crimea-explainer | dead-url= no }}</ref><br>

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'''俄羅斯聯邦併吞克里米亞'''指的是[[俄羅斯]]於2014年2月期間派兵進入並於3月18日佔領國際承認為[[烏克蘭]]領土的[[克里米亞]]，以及其後在烏克蘭東南方的行動所引發的一連串政治風波。俄羅斯政府佔領後旋即建立[[克里米亞聯邦管區]]並下設兩個[[俄羅斯聯邦主體|聯邦主體]]——[[克里米亞共和國]]和[[塞瓦斯托波尔]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.ru/en/russia/724785|title=Putin signs laws on reunification of Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol with Russia|publisher=[[ITAR TASS]]|date=2014-03-21|accessdate=2014-03-21|archive-date=2015-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320064852/http://tass.ru/en/russia/724785|dead-url=no}}</ref>。该事件於[[烏克蘭危機|烏克蘭動亂]]之後發生，隨後更引爆了更為血腥慘烈的[[頓巴斯戰爭]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting of the Valdai International Discussion Club|url=http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/23137#sel=161:25,161:51|website=[[kremlin.ru]]|date=2014-10-24|quote=I will be frank; we used our Armed Forces to block Ukrainian units stationed in Crimea, but not to force anyone to take part in the elections|accessdate=2015-09-04|archive-date=2015-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406065116/http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/23137#sel=161:25,161:51|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2月22至23日，俄羅斯總統[[普京]]連夜召開國安會議，與[[聯邦安全局]]的一眾部長商討解救被廢黜的烏克蘭總統[[亞努科維奇]]，會議結束時普京說：「我們一定要開始設法讓克里米亞回歸俄羅斯。」<ref>在俄罗斯方面制作的[[宣传]]影片《[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t42-71RpRgI 克里米亞回家之路] 》中有詳細說明</ref><ref>俄羅斯國營電視台「克里米亞回家之路」紀錄片簡介https://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/news/video-1165795/Vladimir-Putin-admits-plot-Russia-annex-Crimea.html </ref>。2月27日，[[小綠人 (格魯烏)|沒有徽章的俄羅斯蒙面部隊]]佔領了[[克里米亞最高議會]]<ref name=time1>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/19097/putin-crimea-russia-ukraine-aksyonov/|work=Time|title=Putin's Man in Crimea Is Ukraine's Worst Nightmare|author=Simon Shuster|date=2014-03-10|accessdate=2015-03-08|quote="Before dawn on Feb. 27, at least two dozen heavily armed men stormed the Crimean parliament building and the nearby headquarters of the regional government, bringing with them a cache of assault rifles and rocket propelled grenades. A few hours later, Aksyonov walked into the parliament and, after a brief round of talks with the gunmen, began to gather a quorum of the chamber's lawmakers."|archive-date=2014-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911014517/http://time.com/19097/putin-crimea-russia-ukraine-aksyonov/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=reuters1>{{cite news|author=Alissa de Carbonnel|title=How the separatists delivered Crimea to Moscow|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/ukraine-crisis-russia-aksyonov-idINL6N0M93AH20140313|agency=Reuters|date=2014-03-13|accessdate=2015-03-08|quote=Only a week after gunmen planted the Russian flag on the local parliament, Aksyonov and his allies held another vote and declared parliament was appealing to Putin to annex Crimea|archive-date=2015-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626101233/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/ukraine-crisis-russia-aksyonov-idINL6N0M93AH20140313|dead-url=no}}</ref>，並奪下克里米亞全境的戰略重地，接着成立親俄羅斯的[[謝爾蓋·阿克肖諾夫|阿克肖諾夫]]政府、宣佈{{Link-en|克里米亞共和國獨立宣言|Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea|克里米亞獨立}}和舉行一場有爭議的[[2014年克里米亞歸屬公投|公投]]<ref name="zakon">{{cite web|url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/891-18|script-title=uk:Про дострокове припинення повноважень Верховної Ради Автономної Республіки Крим|trans-title=On the dissolution of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea|language=uk|work=Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine|date=2014-03-15|accessdate=2015-09-04|archive-date=2017-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210200951/http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/891-18|dead-url=no}}</ref>。在此过程中，俄普京政府宣称“无意吞并克里米亚”<ref>{{Cite web |title=普京：俄无意吞并克里米亚 最近3天不放一枪 |url=https://www.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJEsXX |website=环球网 |language=zh-CN |access-date=2022-10-12 |archive-date=2022-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008142344/https://www.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJEsXX |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=普京无意吞并克里米亚 下令招回部队 |url=http://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?cate=&mcate=&nNewsNumb=20140338737&nidx= |website=朝鮮日報中文版 |language=ko |access-date=2022-10-12 |archive-date=2022-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012200957/http://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?cate=&mcate=&nNewsNumb=20140338737&nidx= |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=鲁斯兰·普霍夫 |date=2014-03-08 |title=普京对克里米亚没有领土野心 |url=https://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20140308/c08pukhov/ |website=纽约时报中文网 |language=zh-hans |access-date=2022-10-12 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013104935/https://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20140308/c08pukhov/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>，“已下令俄军撤离”<ref name=":0" />。

多國領導人對於事件{{link-en|對於俄羅斯聯邦佔領克里米亞的國際反應|International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|予以譴責}}，指這是非法[[併吞]]烏克蘭領土，違反俄羅斯簽署過的[[阿拉木圖宣言 (1991年)|阿拉木圖宣言]]、[[獨立國家國協]]協定、乌俄两国友好合作伙伴关系条约當中「不干涉內政原則、不使用武力」「承認並尊重彼此的領土完整和現有邊界不可侵犯」條款<ref name=UNfile>聯合國文件檔案編號A/46/771，UN A/47/60，條約註冊編號52240</ref>、與[[布達佩斯安全保障備忘錄]]上有關烏克蘭的主權和領土完整性。但俄方稱根據[[民族自決]]原則根據聯合國憲章和國際法人民可以自由決定他們的政治地位，科索沃和南斯拉夫戰爭時西方以[[雙重標準]]來看待<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/brookings-now/posts/2014/03/nato-secretary-general-russia-annexation-crimea-illegal-illegitimate|title=NATO Secretary-General: Russia's Annexation of Crimea Is Illegal and Illegitimate|publisher=[[Brookings Institution|Brookings]]|author=Fred Dews|date=2014-03-19|accessdate=2015-03-08|archive-date=2016-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320034041/http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/brookings-now/posts/2014/03/nato-secretary-general-russia-annexation-crimea-illegal-illegitimate|dead-url=no}}</ref>。然而1993年的《維也納宣言和行動綱領》即強調民族自決「不得被解釋為授權或鼓勵採取任何行動去全面或局部地解散或侵犯主權和獨立國家的領土完整或政治統一」<ref name="vienna">聯合國官方網頁{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/zh/documents/treaty/files/A-CONF-157-23.shtml|title=維也納宣言和行動綱領|access-date=2022-05-31|archive-date=2022-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627014757/https://www.un.org/zh/documents/treaty/files/A-CONF-157-23.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

事件導致當時的[[八大工業國組織]]其他成員國暫時凍結俄羅斯會籍<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-out-of-g8-club-of-rich-countries-2014-3|title=Russia Temporarily Kicked Out of G8 Club of Rich Countries|publisher=Business Insider|author=Bruno Waterfield|author2=Peter Dominiczak|author3=David Blair|author4=The Daily Telegraph|date=2014-03-24|accessdate=2015-03-08|archive-date=2020-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920081532/https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-out-of-g8-club-of-rich-countries-2014-3|dead-url=no}}</ref>，及後對俄羅斯實施制裁。[[俄美关系]]、[[俄罗斯－欧盟关系|俄欧关系]]自俄罗斯佔領克里米亚后一直得不到改善。

俄羅斯聯邦反對「併吞」的標籤<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vz.ru/news/2014/3/21/678310.html|script-title=ru:Лавров назвал оскорбительными заявления Запада об аннексии Крыма|trans-title=Lavrov called Western declarations about the annexation of Crimea as being offensive|language=ru|date=2014-03-21|work=[[Vzglyad (newspaper)|vz.ru]]|accessdate=2015-03-08|archive-date=2017-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905135616/https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/21/678310.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，而且普京辯稱公投符合國際法<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/16/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140316|title=Crimeans vote over 90 percent to quit Ukraine for Russia|author=Mike Collett-White|author2=Ronald Popeski|agency=Reuters|date=2014-03-16|accessdate=2015-03-08|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924194814/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/16/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140316|dead-url=no}}</ref>。烏克蘭對此提出爭議，因為烏克蘭不承認克里米亞共和國獨立或加入俄羅斯為合法<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1139-18|script-title=uk:Декларація "Про боротьбу за звільнення України"|trans-title=Declaration "On the struggle for the liberation of Ukraine"|language=uk|author=Oleksandr Turchynov|publisher=Parliament of Ukraine|date=2014-03-20|accessdate=2014-04-24|archive-date=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830013733/http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1139-18|dead-url=no}}</ref>。[[聯合國大會]]也拒絕承認公投和佔領的合法性，又通過一項[[聯合國大會第68/262號決議|決議]]，申明「乌克兰在其国际公认边界内的领土完整」<ref name="CCTV UNR C=U">{{cite web|url=http://english.cntv.cn/2014/03/28/ARTI1395947928472439.shtml|title=UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity|publisher=[[China Central Television]]|date=2014-03-28|accessdate=2015-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304200543/http://english.cntv.cn/2014/03/28/ARTI1395947928472439.shtml|archive-date=2018-03-04|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N13/455/19/PDF/N1345519.pdf?OpenElement|title=United Nations A/RES/68/262 General Assembly|publisher=United Nations|format=PDF|date=2014-04-01|accessdate=2014-04-24|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092201/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N13/455/19/PDF/N1345519.pdf?OpenElement|archivedate=2014-04-07}}</ref>，同時特别指出克里米亚公投「一概无效，不能成为改变克里米亚自治共和国或塞瓦斯托波尔市地位的基础」<ref>Ibid., para. 5</ref>，決議促请所有国家與国际组织不承认俄羅斯的佔領，也不实施任何可能被解释为承认此次佔領的行动或交往<ref>Ibid., para. 6.</ref>。