檢視鴨跖草的原始碼

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|<center>'''鴨跖草'''</center><img src="https://www.haohua.com/upload/image/2019-01/18/1957d_6b4f.jpg" width="220"><br> <small>[https://www.haohua.com/upload/image/2019-01/18/1957d_6b4f.jpg 原圖鏈結] [https://www.haohua.com/huayu/49310.html 圖片來自好花网]</small> 
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'''鸭跖草'''（[[学名]]：''Commelina communis''），古名鼻斫草，又名碧竹子、鸡舌草、淡竹叶、竹叶菜、碧蝉花<ref name="yuanjc">{{Cite journal|title=鸭跖草的本草考证|author=袁加才|url=http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD9495&filename=NJZY503.024&v=MDU0ODg0amg0T1g2VHJIMDNlYk9jUmIrZGJ1ZHNGQzdnVXc9PUt5ZlJkN2E0SGMvTXJZc3FGNTRPZmdnNXpoQVU=|journal=南京中医药大学学报|issue=3|doi=10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.1995.03.025|others=李爱华，宋娟|year=1995|volume=|page=2|language=zh-cn|pmid=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601154446/http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD9495&filename=NJZY503.024&v=MDU0ODg0amg0T1g2VHJIMDNlYk9jUmIrZGJ1ZHNGQzdnVXc9PUt5ZlJkN2E0SGMvTXJZc3FGNTRPZmdnNXpoQVU=|archivedate=2018-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cfh.ac.cn/45203.sp|title=Commelina communis 鸭跖草|accessdate=2018-05-29|author=中科院植物研究所|date=|work=中国自然标本馆|publisher=|language=zh-cn}}</ref>，为[[鸭跖草科]][[鸭跖草属]]一年生草本植物。鴨跖草葉形為披針形至卵狀披針形，葉序為互生，莖為匍匐莖，花朵為聚花序，頂生或腋生，雌雄同株，花瓣上面兩瓣為藍色，下面一瓣為白色，花苞呈佛焰苞狀，綠色，雄蕊有6枚。

原生于[[中国大陆]]的[[四川]]、[[云南]]、[[甘肃]]以东的区域、[[朝鲜]]、[[臺灣]]、[[俄罗斯远东地区]]、[[越南]]、[[日本]]，也引入到了[[中欧|欧洲中部]]和[[东欧|东]][[南欧|南部]]以及[[北美地区|北美]]东部的部分地区<ref name="zhfochina">{{Cite book|url=http://frps.eflora.cn/frps/Commelina%20communis|title=中国植物志|last=|first=|publisher=科学出版社|others=中国科学院《中国植物志》编委会 主持工作|year=1997|isbn=7030057082|editor-last=吴|editor-first=国芳|volume=13（3）|location=中华人民共和国|pages=127|language=zh-cn|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528220012/http://frps.eflora.cn/frps/Commelina%20communis|archivedate=2018-05-28}}</ref>，成为一种有害的杂草，模式标本采自北美<ref name="zhfochina" />。常见于路边阴凉处，花由两个较大的蓝色花瓣和一个较小的白色花瓣组成<ref name="zhfochina"/>。

鸭跖草最早记录于公元[[四世紀|四世纪]]至[[八世紀|八世纪]]成书的[[和歌]]集《[[萬葉集]]》<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36434026|title=万葉の植物|last=松田修|first=|date=|publisher=保育社|year=1994年|isbn=4586508639|edition=2|location=大阪市|pages=|language=ja|chapter=53|oclc=36434026}}</ref>，在中文文献中则最早见于唐代[[陳藏器|陈藏器]]所著《[[本草拾遺|本草拾遗]]》<ref name="xieyf">{{Cite journal|title=中药鸭跖草研究进展|author=谢永富|url=http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2008&filename=ZGCF200801033&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldRa1Fhb09jSnZqRXNpcU1oRDZUMHVSRGwveGtIZ1Qraz0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!&v=MDczOTVHWjRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMS2ZZdVJtRnlybldyckxQeXJJYUxHNEh0bk1ybzk=|journal=中国处方药|issue=01|doi=|others=|year=2008|volume=|page=78|language=zh-cn|pmid=|id=WH:1671-945X(2008)01-0078-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601154445/http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2008&filename=ZGCF200801033&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldRa1Fhb09jSnZqRXNpcU1oRDZUMHVSRGwveGtIZ1Qraz0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!&v=MDczOTVHWjRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMS2ZZdVJtRnlybldyckxQeXJJYUxHNEh0bk1ybzk=|archivedate=2018-06-01}}</ref>，在中国古代本草著作中常与本科其他植物混淆<ref name="yuanjc" />。[[卡尔·林奈]]于1753年在《[[植物种志]]》中对鸭跖草进行了现代植物学上的描述，并给出了[[二名法]]命名。<ref name="flamerica" /><ref name="plantarum" />

鸭跖草的药用历史至晚不晚于唐代，传统中医学认为，鸭跖草具有行水、清热、凉血、解毒的功效<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=中药鸭跖草的研究进展|author=王兴业|url=http://www.cnki.net/kcms/doi/10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2011.04.020.html|journal=湖北农业科学|issue=4|doi=10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2011.04.020|others=|year=2011|volume=50|page=652|language=zh-cn|pmid=|id=WH:0439－8114（2011）04－0652-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203249/http://www.cnki.net/kcms/doi/10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2011.04.020.html|archivedate=2018-05-29}}</ref>。现代医学研究显示，鸭跖草中分离出的一些活性成分具有抗高血糖<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Commelina communis L.: inhibition of α-glucosidase|author=Ji-Youn Youn|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168822704001536|last2=Park|first2=Hyo-Young|date=2004-12|journal=Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice|issue=|doi=10.1016/j.diabres.2003.08.015|others=|year=|volume=66|page=|pages=S149–S155|language=en|issn=0168-8227|pmid=|last3=Cho|first3=Kyung-Hea|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601154446/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168822704001536|archivedate=2018-06-01}}</ref>、抗肥胖<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|title=Anti-obesity effects of Asian dayflower, Commelina communis, in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and in 3T3-L1 cells|author=Shiori Nagai|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1756464616000682|last2=Wakai|first2=Eri|date=2016-04|journal=Journal of Functional Foods|issue=|doi=10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.012|others=|year=|volume=22|page=|pages=490–503|language=en|issn=1756-4646|pmid=|last3=Shibano|first3=Makio|last4=Fujimori|first4=Ko}}</ref>等作用和对流感的治疗作用<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|title=Protective effect of homonojirimycin from Commelina communis (dayflower) on influenza virus infection in mice|author=Zhang Guo-bin|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944711313001645|last=|first=|last2=Tian|first2=Lian-qi|date=2013-08|journal=Phytomedicine|issue=11|doi=10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.009|others=|year=|volume=20|page=|pages=964–968|language=en|issn=0944-7113|pmid=|last3=Li|first3=Yi-ming|last4=Liao|first4=Yi-fan|last5=Li|first5=Jing|last6=Bing|first6=Fei-hong|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601154446/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944711313001645|archivedate=2018-06-01}}</ref>，对一些致病菌的抑制作用<ref name="xieyf" />等。鸭跖草在艺术创作、纺织印染<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1005268118|title=Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD|last=Salvatore|first=Gaspa|last2=Cécile|first2=Michel|last3=Marie-Louise|first3=Nosch|publisher=|year=2017|isbn=9781609621124|location=Lincoln, Nebraska|pages=453|language=en|chapter=The Textile Terminology in Ancient Japan|oclc=1005268118}}</ref>、[[植物学|植物學]]研究、[[重金属]]污染治理<ref>{{Cite journal|title=鸭跖草(Commelina communis)对铜的耐性和积累研究|author=廖斌|url=http://www.cnki.net/kcms/doi/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2003.06.018.html|journal=环境科学学报  Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae|issue=6|doi=10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2003.06.018|others=邓冬梅.杨兵.束文圣.林里.蓝崇钰|year=2003|volume=23|page=|issn=0253-2468|pmid=|id=WH:0253-2468(2003)06-0797-05|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601154446/http://www.cnki.net/kcms/doi/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2003.06.018.html|archivedate=2018-06-01}}</ref>等领域也有广泛的应用。

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|<center>'''耳葉鴨跖草'''</center><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E0rGdvHdMpg/XS7rwr1R6iI/AAAAAAAAkRE/dfeOHEICRkU0c5TBnJwucgME6cBt3ffIwCLcBGAs/s400/%25E8%2580%25B3%25E8%2591%2589%25E9%25B4%25A8%25E8%25B7%2596%25E8%258D%2589_01.JPG" width="220"><br> <small>[https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E0rGdvHdMpg/XS7rwr1R6iI/AAAAAAAAkRE/dfeOHEICRkU0c5TBnJwucgME6cBt3ffIwCLcBGAs/s400/%25E8%2580%25B3%25E8%2591%2589%25E9%25B4%25A8%25E8%25B7%2596%25E8%258D%2589_01.JPG 原圖鏈結] [https://pkblog0438.blogspot.com/2019/07/blog-post_17.html 圖片來自Peter's Blog]</small> 
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