檢視南蛇棒的原始碼


{| class="wikitable" align="right"

|-

| style="background: #008080" align= center|  '''<big>南蛇棒</big> '''

|-

|[[File:南蛇棒1.jpg|缩略图|居中|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/5F74AE5B3EC101E3.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E5%8D%97%E8%9B%87%E6%A3%92?t=p 来自植物智]]]

|-

| style="background: #008080" align= center|

|-

| align= light|

中文学名:南蛇棒

拉丁学名:Amorphophallus 

dunnii Tutcher

界:植物界

门:被子植物门 Angiospermae

纲:单子叶植物纲 Monocotyledoneae

目:天南星目 Arales

科:[[天南星科]]

族:磨芋族 Trib. Pythonieae

属:[[磨芋属]] Amorphophallus

分布区域:中国[[湖南]]、[[广西]]、

[[广东]]及沿海岛屿、[[云南]]东南部

|}

'''南蛇棒'''(nán shé bàng，学名：'''Amorphophallus dunnii'''），是[[单子叶植物纲]][[天南星科]][[魔芋属]]的植物，是中国的特有植物。分布在中国大陆的[[广西]]、[[云南]]、[[湖南]]、[[广东]]等地，生长于海拔220米至800米的地区，常生于林中，尚未由人工引种栽培。
<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%C4%CF%C9%DF%B0%F4 南蛇棒], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>

==南蛇棒形态特征==
块茎扁球形，厚2-8厘米，直径4.5-13厘米，顶部扁平，几不下凹，密生分枝肉质根。鳞叶多数，线形，膜质，内面的长10厘米，宽1厘米。

叶柄长50-90厘米，粗1厘米，干时绿白色，饰以暗绿色小块斑点。
[[File:南蛇棒2.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/42958DBC9E3EC916.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E5%8D%97%E8%9B%87%E6%A3%92?t=p 来自植物智]]]

叶片3全裂，裂片离基10厘米以上2次分叉，小裂片互生，基生小裂片椭圆形，长7-8厘米，宽31-4厘米，先端骤狭渐尖，基部楔形，一侧稍下延；

[[File:南蛇棒3.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/2620BFD953C68ABD.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E5%8D%97%E8%9B%87%E6%A3%92?t=p 来自植物智]]]

[[File:南蛇棒4.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/84E36B10E387433B.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E5%8D%97%E8%9B%87%E6%A3%92?t=p 来自植物智]]]

[[File:南蛇棒5.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/E278325AAD9E4A8D.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E5%8D%97%E8%9B%87%E6%A3%92?t=p 来自植物智]]]

顶生2个小裂片倒披针形或披针形，锐尖，基部楔形，一侧下延，长14－18厘米，宽3-6厘米，表面绿色，背面淡绿色，其下两小裂片外侧极下延，下延部分联合成长4厘米，宽2厘米的翅，侧脉弧曲上升，集合脉距叶缘3-8毫米。

花序柄长23-60厘米，颜色同叶柄。佛焰苞绿色、浅绿白色，干时膜质，长卵形或椭圆形，长12-26厘米，宽14厘米，下部席卷，上部舟状展开，内面基部紫色，余黄绿色。

肉穗花序短于佛焰苞，长8-19厘米，具短梗或否，雌花序长1.5-3厘米，粗1-3厘米，基部稍狭，雄花序长1.4-4.5厘米，粗1-3厘米；附属器长圆锥形或纺锤形，绿色，黄白色，长4.5-14厘米，中下部粗1.5-6厘米，中部以上渐狭，先端钝圆。<ref>[https://www.flowerant.com/doc-view-1291.html 南蛇棒- 植物百科 植物药用大学堂] 2017年2月5日 块茎扁球形,厚2-8厘米,直径4.5-13厘米,顶部扁平,几不下凹,密生分枝肉质根。 南蛇棒(深圳) 鳞叶多数,线形,膜质,内面的长10厘米,宽1厘米。叶柄长50-90厘... </ref>

花药无柄，圆柱形，长1毫米；子房倒卵形，长1-2.5毫米，先端渐狭为长0.3-0.5毫米的花柱，柱头盘状，微2-3-4一浅裂。<ref>[https://www.yuhuagu.com/ktsh/6723.html 南蛇棒图片_看图识花_浴花谷花卉网] 2013年3月8日 南蛇棒为多年生草本,块茎球形,顶部扁平,密生分枝肉质根。鳞叶多数,线形,膜质,表面绿色,背面淡绿色;佛焰苞绿色、淡绿白色,具白色斑块,干时膜质,长卵形或椭圆... </ref>

浆果蓝色，种子黑色。花期3-4月，果7-8月成熟。<ref>[https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1803719434695897707.html 南蛇棒有没有毒? - 百度知道] 1个回答 - 回答时间: 2020年6月3日 最佳答案: 南蛇棒,是魔芋属的一个种,因“整体植株上看来确实很像一条直立而起的眼镜蛇”故名。值得提醒的是,南蛇棒属于有毒植... </ref>

==分类文献==

Amorphophallus dunnii Tutcher in Journ.. Bot. 49: 273. 1911. ——Amor- phophallus sp. Groff in Ling. Agr. Rev. 1 (2) : 59. 1923 (Specim. McClure H. 9507, field no. 2953) ; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 43. 1927. ——Alocasia sp. Groff l. c. p. p. , quoad specim. McClure H. 9348, field no. 2792.

Amorphophallus mellii Engler; A. odoratus Hetterscheid & H. Li.

Tuber dark brown, subglobose or depressed globose, to 10 cm high, to 12 cm in diam., developing numerous offsets annually, these shortly narrowly fusiform, 1-3 × ca. 1 cm. Leaf solitary; petiole green or grayish green with numerous elongate, confluent, pale green or brownish green spots, 30-60 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade to ca. 100 cm in diam., rachises winged throughout; leaflets dark green adaxially, elliptic-lanceolate, 3-21 × 1.5-7 cm, acuminate. Inflorescence solitary, long pedunculate, producing a scent of fresh carrots; peduncle colored as petiole, 20-60 cm, 0.7-1.8 cm in diam. at base. 

Spathe shortly convolute at base, outside bright pale green, basally with rounded white spots, these distally grading to whitish green, inside base or a larger patch reddish purple, remainder and limb as outside but paler, broadly ovate, strongly concave, 8.5-24 × 8.5-23 cm, base within ridged-verruculose, apex acute, overarching spadix. Spadix stipitate or rarely nearly sessile, slightly shorter than spathe, 8-20 cm; stipe colored as peduncle but much paler, 0.5-1.5 cm; female zone cylindric, distal part occasionally broadened, 0.5-2.5 × 1-2.2 cm, flowers congested; ovary pale green, depressed, angulate in cross section, 1-1.5 mm high, 2-3 mm in diam., 2- or 3-loculed, with 1 basal ovule per locule; style pale green, 0.5-1 × 0.8-1 mm; stigma yellowish, flattened, ca. 1 mm high, ca. 2 mm in diam., 2- or 3(or 4)-lobed, oval or triangular in cross section, scabrous-verrucate, lobes obtuse; male zone broadly fusiform, 1.8-3 × 1.3-3.5 cm, flowers congested; male flowers consisting of 4 or 5 stamens; stamens ca. 3 mm; filaments ca. 1.5 mm, basal 1/3 connate; anthers butterfly-shaped in cross section, ca. 1.5 × 1.5-1.8 mm; pores elongate, apical but near margin, sometimes connected by an eccentric groove; pollen striate; appendix ivory-white, narrowly to broadly conic, usually slightly dorsiventrally compressed, occasionally substipitate, variable, hollow, 3-14 cm, 1.3-4.5 cm in diam. near base, glabrous or entirely echinate or verruculose, or only distal 1/3 so, base constricted and sometimes grooved, apex subacute or obtuse. Infructescence: fruiting zone cylindric, ca. 12 × 5 cm. Berries crowded, shortly stalked, glossy dark blue, elongate, to ca. 1.8 × 1.5 cm.

● Guangdong, Guangxi.

H. Li (in FRPS 13(2): 92-95. 1979) treated Amorphophallus dunnii and A. mellii separately, but the descriptions indicate to Hetterscheid that they represent one variable species. The placement of A. mellii as well as A. odoratus in the synonymy of A. dunnii was explained by Hetterscheid (Blumea 46: 281. 2000).H. Li (in FRPS 13(2): 92-95. 1979) treated Amorphophallus dunnii and A. mellii separately, but the descriptions indicate to Hetterscheid that they represent one variable species. The placement of A. mellii as well as A. odoratus in the synonymy of A. dunnii was explained by Hetterscheid (Blumea 46: 281. 2000).

==南蛇棒生长环境==
生长于海拔220—800米的路旁疏林中或密林中。<ref>[https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=4913a94b1e70d2b53e2acb39637ff558&tn=SE_baiduxueshu_c1gjeupa&ie=utf-8&site=baike  苏承刚，张兴国.    南蛇棒魔芋的组织培养与植株再生研究． 《 WanFang 》 ， 2003] </ref>
==南蛇棒分布范围==
产[[云南]]东南部（[[金平]]、[[河口]]、[[绿春]]），我国[[广西]]、[[广东]]及沿海岛屿，[[湖南]]也有。<ref>[http://www.yanquecao.com/detail/2898 南蛇棒_植物百科_燕雀草] 南蛇棒,(学名:Amorphophallus dunnii Tutcher),南蛇棒多年生草本,块茎球形,顶部扁平,密生分枝肉质根。鳞叶多数,线形,膜质,表面绿色,背面淡绿色;佛焰苞绿色、淡... </ref>
==南蛇棒区别==
南蛇棒 本种与[[滇磨芋]]A. yunnanensis 的区别为：本种肉穗花序长为佛焰苞长的3/4,附属器长4.5-14厘米；滇磨芋肉穗花序为佛焰苞长的1/3-1/2，附属器长仅3.8-5厘米，粗1.2-2.3厘米。<ref> 《中国植物志》 第13(2)卷 (1979) >> 092页 PDF >> 南蛇棒 Amorphophallus dunnii</ref>

== 参考来源 ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:370 植物學總論]]