檢視旺坡高架橋的原始碼

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! <p style="background:#FFD1A4; color: #000000; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> '''旺坡高架橋''' </p>
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'''克拉塞洞铁路桥'''（泰語：สะพานถ้ำกระแซ）又称'''旺坡高架橋'''（英語：Wang Pho Viaduct 或 Wampo Viaduct），是一條沿著[[奎內河]]懸崖的木造高架橋，在[[第二次世界大戰]]時由日軍的盟軍戰俘建造，為[[泰緬鐵路]]的一部份。由於高架橋附架有另一條較細的另外一條橋樑，由此有時亦稱為雙高架橋（Double Viaduct）<ref name="aus">{{cite web |url=https://2nd4thmgb.com.au/camp/wampo-wang-pho-114k-thailand/ |title=Wampo, Wang Pho 114 - 300.88kms Thailand |website=2/4th Machine Gun Battalion |access-date=28 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318111628/https://2nd4thmgb.com.au/camp/wampo-wang-pho-114k-thailand/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。時至今日，橋樑仍然被使用，並且可以到達[[旺坡站]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fepow.family/Articles/Death_Railway/html/section_2a.htm|title=Section 2a|website=Far East POW Family|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128184159/https://www.fepow.family/Articles/Death_Railway/html/section_2a.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

==歷史==
1939年，[[大日本帝國]]已計劃建設一條連接[[泰國]]和[[緬甸]]的鐵路，最終在1942年9月16日動工<ref name="pbs">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/the-thailand-burma-railway/169/ |title=The Thailand-Burma Railway |website=PBS |date=26 June 2008 |access-date=28 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409112918/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/the-thailand-burma-railway/169/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。建造期間遇到了巨大的懸崖，於是決定沿著此奎內河懸崖修建一條木造高架橋<ref name="south">{{cite web|url=https://www.fepow.family/Articles/Death_Railway/html/wang_pho_south.htm|title=Wang Pho South|website=Far East POW Family|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128222346/https://www.fepow.family/Articles/Death_Railway/html/wang_pho_south.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

鐵路由盟軍戰俘負責修建，日軍把戰俘運送至當地興建，戰俘需要步行至建築地點。1943年3月<ref name="krijg">{{cite web|url=https://www.japansekrijgsgevangenkampen.nl/Wang%20Po.htm|title=Wang Po|website=Japanse Krijgsgevangen|access-date=28 January 2022|language=nl|archive-date=2021-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419081743/https://japansekrijgsgevangenkampen.nl/Wang%20Po.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>，700名英國、600名澳洲、450名荷蘭戰俘和100名泰國勞工被分派到建造這橋樑。他們被分成兩更，每更約1,000人日以繼夜地工作。在首次[[矽藻土炸藥|爆破工程]]中，部份懸崖倒下使許多戰俘喪生，此外陡峭的懸崖亦使不少工人失足致死<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cofepow.org.uk/armed-forces-stories-list/the-f-force|title=Notes from James Bradley's book|website=Children, families and friends of POWs|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=2022-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608162557/https://www.cofepow.org.uk/armed-forces-stories-list/the-f-force|dead-url=no}}</ref>。在潮濕季節，地面變得濕軟，使人們難以站立<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indischhistorisch.nl/oorlog-en-bersiap-birma-siam-spoorweg-2014-een-fotoverslag/|title=Het Wampo viaduct (ook: Wang Po) langs de rivier Kwai Noi|author=Humphrey de la Croix|website=Indisch Historisch|access-date=28 January 2022|language=nl|archive-date=2022-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520044821/http://www.indischhistorisch.nl/oorlog-en-bersiap-birma-siam-spoorweg-2014-een-fotoverslag/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

旺坡高架橋最終在1943年4月完工，歷時17天修建。經過不斷強化和修護，高架橋時至今日仍然使用<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.btrma.org.au/?p=173|title=The Death Railway|website=Burma Thailand Railway Memorial Association|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=2022-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020001428/http://www.btrma.org.au/?p=173|dead-url=no}}</ref>，並成為一個旅遊景點<ref>{{cite web |title=Burma–Thailand Railway |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/burma-thailand-railway |website=National Museum Australia |access-date=28 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528053246/https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/burma-thailand-railway |dead-url=no }}</ref>。1944年12月，戰俘回到建築營地興建一條連接旺坡和[[土瓦]]的道路，道路寬3米，直線距離110公里，於1945年6月5日完工。

克拉塞洞穴（Krasae Cave）位於高架橋沿線，由戰俘們修建，後來變成了一座佛教寺廟並開放給旅客<ref>{{cite web |url=https://local-insider.com/death-railway-a-witness-of-history/ |title=Death Railway - A Witness of History |website=Local Insider |date=29 March 2018 |access-date=28 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520233051/https://local-insider.com/death-railway-a-witness-of-history/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==影片==
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== 參考文獻 == 
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[[Category: 734 中亞 ]]