檢視盧迪·約克的原始碼

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"
|<center>'''盧迪·約克Preston Rudy York'''<br><img src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/ebbe7e_58813295c84f4d2ab438fc49d195fc54~mv2.png/v1/fit/w_608%2Ch_782%2Cal_c/file.png" width="250"></center><small>[https://www.bartowsportszone.com/single-post/2018/06/14/rudy-york-atco-supertwister-to-major-league-star 圖片來自Bartow Sports Zone]</small> 
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'''普萊斯頓·盧迪·約克'''，（[[英語]]：Preston Rudolph York)，1913年8月17日－1970年2月5日，為[[美國職棒大聯盟]]的[[捕手]]和[[一壘手]]<ref>[https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/rudy-york/ Rudy York盧迪·約克]，Society for American Baseball</ref> <ref>[https://www.baseball-birthdays.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=1053 Rudy York-七次入選全明星球員的魯迪約克在 1948 年的費城田徑隊結束了他的大聯盟生涯。]，Baseball-Birthdays</ref> <ref>[https://www.bartowsportszone.com/single-post/2018/06/14/rudy-york-atco-supertwister-to-major-league-star Rudy York: ATCO SuperTwister to Major League star 魯迪約克：ATCO SuperTwister 到大聯盟明星]，Bartow Sports Zone</ref> 。

==簡介==
普萊斯頓·盧迪·約克(Preston Rudy York)，1913年8月17日出生於[[美國]][[阿拉巴馬州]][[拉格蘭德]]，[[職棒]]生涯前中段都待在[[底特律]][[老虎隊]]，後期則待過[[紅襪隊]]、[[白襪隊]]和[[運動家隊]]。

* 約克生涯一共入選7次[[明星賽]]。
* 1937年，他曾在單月敲出18支[[全壘打]]，打破了[[貝比·魯斯]]的紀錄。
* 1943年，他以34轟與118分打點拿下[[全壘打王]]和[[打點王]]。
* 1945年，他在[[老虎]]的最後一年拿下了[[世界大賽]]冠軍。
* 生涯後期，約克遊走在[[紅襪]]、[[白襪]]和運動家隊。
* 1951年至1964年，他在[[大聯盟]]球隊擔任[[總教練]]、[[教練]]和[[球探]]等工作。
* 1959年7月，他曾擔任紅襪隊一場比賽的臨時總教練。
* 後來他被引薦至[[密西根]]、[[喬治亞]]和[[阿拉巴馬州]]的[[運動名人堂]]。

==職業生涯==
===[[底特律老虎]]===
1934年，21歲的約克登上大聯盟。這年他僅出賽3場比賽，合計6個打數敲出一支安打。

1937年，約克在[[小聯盟]]待了兩年後終於重返大聯盟。<ref name=BR>{{cite web|title=Rudy York Statistics|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=July 25, 2019|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/y/yorkru01.shtml|archive-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417063113/https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/y/yorkru01.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 這年他出賽104場比賽，[[打擊率]]為3成07，並敲出35轟與101分打點。<ref name=BR/>
* 這年他每10.7個打數就能敲出一支全壘打為美聯最佳的數據。
* 其中他在8月份更是以單月擊出18轟與35分打點分別打破了由[[貝比·魯斯]]和[[盧·賈里格]]創下的單月全壘打和打點紀錄。<ref>{{cite news|title=Rudy York Threatens Babe's Record: Blasts 18 Homers In One Month|newspaper=The Dayton Herald|date=September 1, 1937|page=16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34247861/rudy_york_threatens_babes_record/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726054708/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34247861/rudy_york_threatens_babes_record/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 不過約克在防守方面較為略遜一籌，這年他的[[捕逸]]次數高達12次為聯盟最高。<ref name=BR/>

1938年，約克以捕手身分出賽116場比賽。這年他的打擊率為2成98，並入選了生涯首次的明星賽。該年他敲出33轟與128分打點。然而他單季的[[捕逸數]]還是來到了10次，依舊是[[美聯]]最高。<ref name=BR/>

1939年，約克開始和隊友Birdie Tebbetts分擔捕手工作，這也使得他的先發場次下降不少。儘管該年他的打數只有376個，不過他還是繳出3成07的打擊率，並擊出20轟與68分打點。<ref name=BR/>

經過了幾年的培養，老虎隊慢慢發現約克不適合捕手這個位置。因此球隊決定讓一壘手[[漢克·格林伯格]]移防左外野，約克成為一壘手。這個決定也讓這兩位選手在1940年都出賽達154場比賽，他們兩位的打點和壘打數都排在聯盟前兩名，全壘打數更是排在聯盟的一三名。<ref>{{cite web|title=1940 AL Batting Leaders|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=July 23, 2019|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/AL/1940-batting-leaders.shtml|archive-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104201809/https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/AL/1940-batting-leaders.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>最後老虎拿下美聯冠軍，闖進了世界大賽。不過到了世界大賽，約克的打擊率下滑至2成31，整個系列賽只敲出1轟與2分打點。最後老虎3勝4敗輸給[[紅人隊]]。<ref name=BR/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/BOS/BOS194008241.shtml |title=存档副本 |access-date=2020-06-27 |archive-date=2020-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109224116/https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/BOS/BOS194008241.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref>

1941年，格林伯格跑去當兵，約克成為球隊唯一仰賴的打擊支柱。這年他一樣入選明星賽，雖然打擊率下滑到2成59，不過他還是敲出了27轟與111分打點。<ref name=BR/>

1942年3月，球隊將約克的薪水降低。球隊給了他一張9000[[美元]]的合約，不過如果約克可以在該季打回100分打點則有5000美元的額外加給。<ref>{{cite news|title=York Signs Contract with $5,000 Bonus Clause|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|author=Dale Stafford|date=March 17, 1942|page=14|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34263488/york_signs_contract_with_5000_bonus/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726194651/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34263488/york_signs_contract_with_5000_bonus/|dead-url=no}}</ref>這年他的打擊率為2成60，而他敲出21轟與90分打點，差一點拿到額外的5000美元。<ref name=BR/>1942年的明星賽，約克敲出了2分砲，幫助美聯以3比1擊敗[[國聯]]。<ref>{{cite web|title=1942 All-Star Game Box Score, July 6|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=July 23, 2019|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/allstar/1942-allstar-game.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322095538/https://www.baseball-reference.com/allstar/1942-allstar-game.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>

1943年上半季，約克的表現非常糟糕，甚至他在主場上場打擊時都會被自家球迷給予噓聲伺候。不過到了下半季，約克的表現判若兩人。他在8月份敲出17轟，總計他的打擊率為2成71，並敲出34轟與118分打點。這年他在[[MVP票選]]上還拿下第三名。<ref name=BR/>

1944年，約克第五次入選明星賽。這年他的打擊率為2成76，並敲出18轟與98分打點。不過他這年也有美聯最高的17次守備失誤。<ref name=BR/>

1945年，約克出賽155場比賽。這年他敲出18轟與87分打點，球隊也闖進世界大賽。約克在世界大賽敲出5支安打與3分打點，最後球隊4勝3敗拿下世界大賽冠軍。<ref name=BR/>

1946年1月3日，由於球隊打算讓格林伯格回到一壘守備，因此他們決定將約克交易至[[紅襪]]，換來Eddie Lake。<ref>{{cite news|title=Tigers Trade Rudy York To Red Sox for Eddie Lake: Greenberg Move Back to First Due|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|author=[[Lyall Smith]]|date=January 4, 1946|page=16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34263813/igers_trade_rudy_york_to_red_sox_for/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726195843/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34263813/igers_trade_rudy_york_to_red_sox_for/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

===[[波士頓紅襪]]===
1946年，約克在[[波士頓]]紅襪隊出賽154場比賽。
* 他單場完成1326次接殺和116次助殺都是聯盟第一。<ref name=BR/>7月27日，他達成了單場擊出2支[[滿貫全壘打]]，並獲得了10分打點。<ref>{{cite news|title=York Equals Record As Red Sox Win, 13-6: Hits Two Homers With Bases Full, Drives in 10|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Gerry Moore|date=July 28, 1946|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34272410/york_equals_record_as_red_sox_win/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727003034/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34272410/york_equals_record_as_red_sox_win/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 這年他還帶隊闖進了世界大賽，其中他在第一場比賽的延長賽中敲出致勝全壘打，並在第三場比賽敲出致勝3分砲。

1947年，他在紅襪隊出賽了48場比賽。
* 4月26日，約克因為在飯店酒醉，加上手中的[[雪茄]]沒有熄滅，結果造成飯店失火，所幸他急忙逃了出來。<ref name=SABR>{{cite news|title=Rudy York|url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/rudy-york/|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2020-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126185456/https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/rudy-york/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Fire in Rudy York's Room Routs 100 in Hotel|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=April 26, 1947|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34265168/fire_in_rudy_yorks_room_routs_100_in/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726203258/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34265168/fire_in_rudy_yorks_room_routs_100_in/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 不過這年他的打擊率僅2成12，只敲出6轟與27分打點。<ref>{{cite news|title=What To Do About Big Rudy York?|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Bob Holbrook|date=June 5, 1947|page=26|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34264715/what_to_do_about_big_rudy_york/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726203256/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34264715/what_to_do_about_big_rudy_york/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 最後他在6月14日被交易至[[白襪]]，換來Jake Jones。<ref>{{cite news|title=Red Sox Send Rudy York to Chicago in Straight Swap for Murrell Jones|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Roger Birtwell|date=June 15, 1947|pages=1, 30|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34264911/red_sox_send_rudy_york_to_chicago_in/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726203256/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34264911/red_sox_send_rudy_york_to_chicago_in/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

===白襪與運動家===
1947年季中，約克被交易至白襪隊。他在白襪出賽102場比賽，打擊率為2成43，並敲出15轟與64分打點。<ref name=BR/>1947年8月23日，約克因為沒有在他的飯店房間將他的雪茄熄滅，因此造成他的房間失火。<ref>{{cite news|title=Rudy York's Room In Stevens Damaged By Fire Laid To Cigar|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=August 24, 1947|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34266408/rudy_yorks_room_in_stevens_damaged_by/|via==[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726212134/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34266408/rudy_yorks_room_in_stevens_damaged_by/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

1948年1月，白襪隊將他釋出。<ref>{{cite news|title=York On Own; Sox Cast Lot with Lupien|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=February 1, 1948|page=II–3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34266906/york_on_own_sox_cast_lot_with_lupien/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726212132/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34266906/york_on_own_sox_cast_lot_with_lupien/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

同年2月12日，他與[[費城運動家]]簽約。<ref>{{cite news|title=York Accepts A's Offer; Contract Signed by Binks|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|author=Art Morrow|date=February 13, 1948|page=38|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34272700/york_accepts_as_offer_contract_signed/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727003932/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34272700/york_accepts_as_offer_contract_signed/|dead-url=no}}</ref>不過他僅出賽31場比賽，打擊率只有1成57。

===生涯打擊數據===
{| class="wikitable"
! 出賽場次!! [[打席數|打席]]!! [[打數]]!! [[得分 (棒球)|得分]]!! [[安打]]!! [[二壘安打|二安]]
! [[三壘安打|三安]]!! [[全壘打]]!! [[打點]]!! [[盜壘]]
! [[保送]]!! [[三振]]!! [[打擊率]]!! [[上壘率]]!! [[長打率]]
! [[觸身球]]!! 守備率
|-
| 1603 || 6723 || 5891 || 876 || 1621 || 291 || 52 || 277 || 1149 || 38 || 792 || 867 || .275 || .362 || .483 || 12 || .990
|}

==執教生涯==
1951年，約克在[[小聯盟球隊]]擔任球員兼總教練。雖然他繳出34轟與107分打點，不過球隊卻只有拿下19勝64敗。

1953年，他離開[[棒球]]界到[[喬治亞州]]的林業委員會工作。

1956年，他擔任[[洋基隊]]的球探。隔年跑到[[印地安人]]的小聯盟球隊執教一年。<ref>{{cite news|title=Rudy York Named Manager At NP|newspaper=The Lincoln Star|date=June 12, 1957|page=17|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257892/rudy_york_named_manager_at_np/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726171517/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257892/rudy_york_named_manager_at_np/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

1958年1月，約克成為紅襪隊2A的[[教練團]]之一。<ref>{{cite news|title=York Memphis Coach|newspaper=The Windsor Star|date=January 21, 1958|page=16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257329/york_memphis_coach/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726170929/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257329/york_memphis_coach/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

1959年，他成為球隊的[[打擊教練]]。<ref>{{cite news|title=Rudy York's Comeback: Happy Ending – At Last|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=January 26, 1959|page=19|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257505/rudy_yorks_comeback_happy_ending/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726170929/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257505/rudy_yorks_comeback_happy_ending/|dead-url=no}}</ref>同年7月3日，因為總教練Pinky Higgins被球隊解雇，所以約克短暫執教了一場比賽。那場比賽紅襪以1比6輸球，<ref>{{cite news|title=Sox Bow Again, 6–1 To Orioles|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Clif Keane|date=July 4, 1959|page=13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257634/sox_bow_again_61_to_orioles/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726170930/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34257634/sox_bow_again_61_to_orioles/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rudy York Managerial Record|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=July 25, 2019|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/yorkru01.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316080944/https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/yorkru01.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>隔天球隊讓Billy Jurges擔任球隊新任總教練。

1963年，[[約翰尼·佩斯基]]成為紅襪隊總教練，而約克也隨後被解雇。不過紅襪隊的老闆還是讓約克繼續在球隊體系中工作。<ref>{{cite news|title=York ... 35 Homers as Part-Time Rookie|newspaper=The Charleston Daily Mail|author=Dick Hudson|date=May 4, 1963|page=5|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34255682/york_35_homers_as_parttime_rookie/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726170926/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34255682/york_35_homers_as_parttime_rookie/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==個人生活和晚年==
約克在1931年結婚，並育有3個小孩。在正式離開棒球界後，約克成為了一名房屋[[油漆師]]。<ref name=DFPobit>{{cite news|title=Tiger Slugger Rudy York Is Dead|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=February 6, 1970|page=1D|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34248206/tiger_slugger_rudy_york_is_dead/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726062225/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34248206/tiger_slugger_rudy_york_is_dead/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

1969年11月，他因為[[肺癌]]住院治療。

1970年2月，56歲的約克去世於[[美國]][[喬治亞州]][[羅馬]]，<ref name=DFPobit/>他也被葬在[[卡特斯維爾]]。<ref>{{cite web|title=Rudy York (1913–1970)|publisher=Find-a-Grave.com|accessdate=July 25, 2019|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3629}}</ref>

1972年，卡特斯維爾當地的Atco球場也被命名為盧迪·約克球場。[[喬治亞州]]的副州長Lester Maddox還在該球場放置了一塊約克的匾額以茲紀念。<ref>{{cite news|title=Dedication Set for York Field|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal and Constitution|date=September 7, 1972|page=6D|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253876/dedication_set_for_york_field/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726145727/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253876/dedication_set_for_york_field/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rudy York Memorial Is Sought|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal and Constitution|date=June 13, 1971|page=12C|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253701/rudy_york_memorial_sought/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726145724/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253701/rudy_york_memorial_sought/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

1972年，約克入選了[[密西根州]]運動[[名人堂]]。<ref>{{cite news|title=Family of Rudy York Guest of Hall of Fame|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=May 10, 1972|page=2D|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253393/family_of_rudy_york_guest_of_hall_of/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726143938/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253393/family_of_rudy_york_guest_of_hall_of/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

1977年和1979年，他也分別入選喬治亞州和[[阿拉巴馬州]]的運動名人堂。<ref name=GHOF>{{cite news|title=Super Slugger: Georgia Hall-Bound Rudy York Had a Shrewd Eye for Pitchers|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal and Constitution|date=February 26, 1977|page=6C|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34252570/super_slugger_georgia_hallbound_rudy/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726140425/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34252570/super_slugger_georgia_hallbound_rudy/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Six inducted into state sports HoF|newspaper=The Montgomery Advertiser|date=February 18, 1979|page=8B|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253633/six_inducted_into_state_sports_hof/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=2020-06-27|archive-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726145726/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34253633/six_inducted_into_state_sports_hof/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==相關條目==
* [[美國職棒大聯盟全壘打王]]
* [[美國職棒大聯盟打點王]]

==參考資料==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:美國人]]