檢視雨燕科的原始碼

[[File:雨燕科.jpg|280px|缩略图|右|<big></big>[http://www.ioz.ac.cn/zt/zt_2010anz/zt_2010anz_zs/201004/W020100420341116494541.jpg 原图链接][http://www.ioz.ac.cn/zt/zt_2010anz/zt_2010anz_zs/201004/t20100408_2816057.html 来自 鸟类知识 的图片]]]

'''雨燕科'''（學名''Apodidae''）通称雨燕，在[[动物分类学]]上是[[鸟纲]][[雨燕目]]中的一个[[科 (生物)|科]]。雨燕是飞翔速度最快的鸟类，常在空中捕食[[昆虫]]，翼长而腿、脚弱小。雨燕分布广泛，有些种类在高[[纬度]]地区繁殖而到[[热带]]地区越冬，是著名的[[候鸟]]<ref>[https://www.idongde.com/c/8e82c0978Dad4159.shtml 雨燕是怎样的动物]，懂得网，2020-2-27</ref>，有些则是热带地区的留鸟。雨燕科下共有18属84种。

==外形==

本科鸟类头无羽冠，羽毛有较大形的副羽；跗蹠及趾均强。翼尖长、足短，着陆后双翼折叠，翼尖长越尾端。雨燕科的鸟为前趾足，即四个脚趾都朝前，爪长而曲，跗蹠长度不短于中趾（不连爪），后趾能逆转；头骨为雀腭型，缺基翼突。

==习性==

由于翼尖长<ref>[https://www.xzbu.com/8/view-5100214.htm 雨燕翅膀的启示]，行知部落，2020-2-21</ref>，雨燕科鸟类具有很强的飞翔力，飞行速度极快而敏捷，但足短，不善于行走。雨燕科鸟类常结群飞翔，在飞行中捕食[[昆虫]]。雨燕科的鸟多结群营巢于岩洞、悬崖峭壁的岩隙和楼、塔等建筑物的屋檐或顶部蔽风雨处。其[[唾液]]腺发达，用唾液粘合巢材，巢多固着岩壁或建筑物上。每窝产卵两枚或三枚，卵壳多呈白色。

==经济意义==

雨燕科鸟类中许多种类的巢，俗称“[[燕窝]]”，是传统的滋补品。同时雨燕对抑制蚊、蝇、蚋等卫生害虫及森林和农业害虫也很有益处。

==种类==

=== 黑雨燕亚科(Cypseloidinae) ===

'''Cypseloides''' <br />

[[栗领黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides rutilus) <br />
[[费氏黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides phelpsi) <br />
[[黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides niger) <br />
[[白胸黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides lemosi) <br />
[[罗氏黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides rothschildi) <br />
[[乌黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides fumigatus) <br />
[[斑额黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides cherriei) <br />
[[白颏黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides cryptus) <br />
[[白额黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides storeri) <br />
[[大黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides senex)

'''Streptoprocne''' <br />
[[白领黑雨燕]] (Streptoprocne zonaris) <br /> 
[[巴西黑雨燕]] (Streptoprocne biscutata) <br />
[[白枕黑雨燕]] (Streptoprocne semicollaris) <br />
=== 雨燕亚科(Apodinae) ===

==== 族：Collocalini ====
'''Collocalia''' <br />
[[白腹金丝燕]] (Collocalia esculenta) <br />
[[穴金丝燕]] (Collocalia linchi) <br />
[[侏金丝燕]] (Collocalia troglodytes)

'''Aerodramus''' <br />
[[塞舌尔金丝燕]] (Aerodramus elaphrus) <br />
[[小灰腰金丝燕]] (Aerodramus francicus) <br />
[[印度金丝燕]] (Aerodramus unicolor) <br />
[[菲律宾金丝燕]] (Aerodramus mearnsi) <br />
[[摩鹿加金丝燕]] (Aerodramus infuscatus) <br />
[[山金丝燕]] (Aerodramus hirundinaceus) <br />
[[白腰金丝燕]] (Aerodramus spodiopygius) <br />
[[澳大利亚金丝燕]] (Aerodramus terraereginae) <br />
[[短嘴金丝燕]] (Aerodramus brevirostris) <br />
[[东南亚金丝燕]] (Aerodramus rogersi) <br />
[[火山金丝燕]] (Aerodramus vulcanorum) <br />
[[怀氏金丝燕]] (Aerodramus whiteheadi) <br />
[[裸腿金丝燕]] (Aerodramus nuditarsus) <br />
[[麦氏金丝燕]] (Aerodramus orientalis) <br />
[[苔巢金丝燕]] (Aerodramus salangana) <br />
[[纯色金丝燕]] (Aerodramus vanikorensis) <br />
[[帕劳金丝燕]] (Aerodramus pelewensis) <br />
[[关岛金丝燕]] (Aerodramus bartschi) <br />
[[卡罗琳金丝燕]] (Aerodramus inquietus) <br />
[[库岛金丝燕]] (Aerodramus sawtelli) <br />
[[塔岛金丝燕]] (Aerodramus leucophaeus) <br />
[[马克萨金丝燕]] (Aerodramus ocistus) <br />
[[大金丝燕]] (Aerodramus maximus) <br />
[[爪哇金丝燕]] (Aerodramus fuciphagus) <br />
[[淡腰金丝燕]] (Aerodramus germani) <br />
[[巴布亚金丝燕]] (Aerodramus papuensis) <br />
[[巴拉望金丝燕]] (Aerodramus palawanensis)

'''Hydrochous'''<br />
[[瀑布雨燕]] (Hydrochous gigas)

'''Schoutedenapus '''<br />
[[珍雨燕]] (Schoutedenapus myoptilus) <br />
[[斯氏雨燕]] (Schoutedenapus schoutedeni)

==== 族：Chaeturini ====

'''Mearnsia'''<br />
[[白喉针尾雨燕]] (Mearnsia picina) <br /> 
[[新几内亚雨燕]] (Mearnsia novaeguineae)

'''Zoonavena'''<br />
[[马岛雨燕]] (Zoonavena grandidieri) <br />
[[圣多美雨燕]] (Zoonavena thomensis) <br />
[[白腰针尾雨燕]] (Zoonavena sylvatica)

'''Telacanthura'''<br />
[[斑喉针尾雨燕]] (Telacanthura ussheri) <br />
[[黑针尾雨燕]] (Telacanthura melanopygia)

'''Rhaphidura'''<br />
[[银腰针尾雨燕]] (Raphidura leucopygialis) <br />
[[萨氏针尾雨燕]] (Raphidura sabini)

'''Neafrapus'''<br />
[[白腹针尾雨燕]] (Neafrapus cassini) <br />
[[伯氏针尾雨燕]] (Neafrapus boehmi)

'''Hirundapus'''<br />
[[白喉针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus caudacutus) <br />
[[白背针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus cochinchinensis) <br />
[[褐背针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus giganteus) <br />
[[紫针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus celebensis)

'''Chaetura'''<br />
[[斑腰雨燕]] (Chaetura spinicauda) <br />
[[安岛雨燕]] (Chaetura martinica) <br />
[[淡腰雨燕]] (Chaetura cinereiventris) <br />
[[苍腰雨燕]] (Chaetura egregia) <br />
[[烟囱雨燕]] (Chaetura pelagica) <br />
[[沃氏雨燕]] (Chaetura vauxi) <br />
[[查氏雨燕]] (Chaetura chapmani) <br />
[[短尾雨燕]] (Chaetura brachyura) <br />
[[灰尾雨燕]] (Chaetura andrei)

==== 族：Apodini ====
'''Aeronautes'''<br />
[[白喉雨燕]] (Aeronautes saxatalis) <br />
[[白尾梢雨燕]] (Aeronautes montivagus) <br />
[[安第斯雨燕]] (Aeronautes andecolus)

'''Tachornis'''<br />
[[西印棕雨燕]] (Tachornis phoenicobia) <br />
[[侏棕雨燕]] (Tachornis furcata) <br />
[[叉尾棕雨燕]] (Tachornis squamata)

'''Panyptila'''<br />
[[大燕尾雨燕]] (Panyptila sanctihieronymi) <br />
[[小燕尾雨燕]] (Panyptila cayennensis)

'''Cypsiurus'''<br />
[[非洲棕雨燕]] (Cypsiurus parvus) <br />
[[棕雨燕]] (Cypsiurus balasiensis)

'''Tachymarptis'''<br />
[[高山雨燕]] (Tachymarptis melba) <br />
[[杂斑雨燕]] (Tachymarptis aequatorialis)

'''Apus'''<br />
[[亚氏雨燕]] (Apus alexandri) <br />
[[普通樓燕]] (Apus apus) <br />
[[纯色雨燕]] (Apus unicolor) <br />
[[尼安萨雨燕]] (Apus niansae) <br />
[[苍雨燕]] (Apus pallidus) <br />
[[非洲黑雨燕]] (Apus barbatus) <br />
[[伯氏雨燕]] (Apus berliozi) <br />
[[布氏雨燕]] (Apus bradfieldi) <br />
[[白腰雨燕]] (Apus pacificus) <br />
[[暗背雨燕]] (Apus acuticauda) <br />
[[小雨燕]] (Apus affinis) <br />
[[小白腰雨燕]] (Apus nipalensis) <br />
[[白眉雨燕]] (Apus horus) <br />
[[非洲白腰雨燕]] (Apus caffer)<br />
[[贝氏雨燕]] (Apus batesi)

==视频==

===<center>雨燕 相关视频</center>===

<center>飞行速度最快的鸟——尖尾雨燕</center>

<center>{{#iDisplay:z3012kod5w5|560|390|qq}}</center>

==参考文献==

[[Category:380 動物學總論]]