檢視麻风树的原始碼


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<small>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E9%BA%BB%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%91?t=p 来自 植物智 的图片]</small>

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中文名:麻风树

拉丁学名:Jatropha curcas L.

界:植物界

科:[[大戟科]]

属:[[野桐属]]

种:麻风树

分布区域:[[福建]]、[[台湾]]、

[[广东]]、[[海南]]、[[广西]]、

[[贵州]]、[[四川]]、[[云南]]

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'''麻风树'''(má fēng shù)，拉丁学名：Jatropha curcas L.，俗名：'''芙蓉树、小桐子、臭油桐、膏桐、麻疯树'''，异名：Manihot curcas  ，别名 ：'''佛肚树'''， Jatropha podagrica ，是[[大戟科]]、[[野桐属]]  灌木或乔木植物，灌木或小乔木，高2-5米，具水状液汁，树皮平滑；枝条苍灰色，无毛，疏生突起皮孔，髓部大。叶纸质，近圆形至卵圆形，长7-18厘米，宽6-16厘米，顶端短尖，基部心形，全缘或3-5浅裂，上面亮绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，初沿脉被微柔毛，后变无毛；[[福建]]、[[台湾]]、[[广东]]、[[海南]]、[[广西]]、[[贵州]]、[[四川]]、[[云南]]等省区有栽培或少量逸为野生。
<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E9%BA%BB%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%91?t=z 麻风树], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>

==形态特征==
灌木或小乔木，高2-5米，具水状液汁，树皮平滑；枝条苍灰色，无毛，疏生突起皮孔，髓部大。叶纸质，近圆形至卵圆形，长7-18厘米，宽6-16厘米，顶端短尖，基部心形，全缘或3-5浅裂，上面亮绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，初沿脉被微柔毛，后变无毛；掌状脉5-7；叶柄长6-18厘米；托叶小。花序腋生，长6-10厘米，苞片披针形，长4-8毫米；雄花：萼片5枚，长约4毫米，基部合生；花瓣长圆形，黄绿色，长约6毫米，合生至中部，内面被毛；腺体5枚，近圆柱状；雄蕊10枚，外轮5枚离生，内轮花丝下部合生；雌花：花梗花后伸长；萼片离生，花后长约6毫米；花瓣和腺体与雄花同；子房3室，无毛，花柱顶端2裂。蒴果椭圆状或球形，长2.5 -3厘米，黄色；种子椭圆状，长1.5-2厘米，黑色。花期9-10月。

Shrubs or treelets, 2-5 m tall, with watery latex; bark smooth; branches glaucous-gray, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate, pith larger. Stipules small; petioles 6-18 cm; leaf blade rotund to ovate, 7-18 × 6-16 cm, papery, nitid green and glabrous adaxially, gray-green and along nerves puberulent to glabrous abaxially, base cordate, apex acute; palmate veins 5-7. Inflorescences axillary, 6-10 cm; bracts lanceolate, 4-8 mm.

Male flowers: sepals 5, ca. 4 mm, connate at base; petals oblong, green-yellow, ca. 6 mm, connate to middle, hairy inside; disk glands 5, nearly terete; stamens 10; outer 5 filaments free, inner filaments connate in lower part.

Female flowers: pedicels elongate; sepals free, ca. 6 mm; petals and disk glands as in male; ovary 3-locular, glabrous; styles bifid at apex. Capsules ellipsoidal or globose, 2.5-3 cm, yellow. Seeds ellipsoidal, 1.5-2 cm, black. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.

Cultivated for medicine. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to tropical America; widely introduced].

Jatropha curcas seeds are the source of curcas oil, a very powerful purgative, also used for making candles and soap, for lighting, and as a lubricant. There is interest in the oil as a biofuel crop for areas too dry for normal crops. The bark is used as medicine for lepriasis (leprosy), itchy skin, eczema, chronic ulcers, etc.

==分类文献==
Jatropha curcas L. Sp.Pl. 1006. 1753; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 309. 1861; Muell.Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 1080. 1866; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. 42 (IV. 147. I) 77. 1910; Gagnep. in Lee.. Gen.. Indo-Chine 5: 324, 1. 33. 3-6. 1925; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学609, 图506. 1937; 广州植物志273. 1956; 海南植物志2: 172,图387-1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 610,图2950-1972; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 283. 1972.

==产地生境==
原产[[美洲]][[热带]]；现广布于全球热带地区。我国[[福建]]、[[台湾]]、[[广东]]、[[海南]]、[[广西]]、[[贵州]]、[[四川]]、[[云南]]等省区有栽培或少量逸为野生。

种子含油量高，油供工业或医药用。

== 参考来源 ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:370 植物學總論]]