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| 冷地卫矛 |
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中文学名:冷地卫矛 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:龙胆目 科：卫矛科 科拉丁名 Celastraceae 属中文名 卫矛属 属拉丁名 Euonymus |
冷地卫矛(lěng dì wèi máo)，学名 Euonymus frigidus Wall. ex Roxb.，俗名：紫花卫矛、大理卫矛，异名：Euonymus porphyreus Euonymus amygdalifolius Euonymus roseoperulata Euonymus pygmaea Euonymus amygdalifolia Euonymus porphyrea Euonymus assamica Euonymus burmanica Euonymus crinita Euonymus fugongensis Euonymus gongshanensis Euonymus crinitus Euonymus dasydictyon Euonymus taliensis Euonymus wardii Euonymus frigida var. elongata Euonymus frigida var. wardii Euonymus crinita var. minor Euonymus frigida var. typica Euonymus porphyrea var. elliptica Euonymus frigida f. elongata Euonymus burmanicus Euonymus pygmaeus Euonymus assamicus Euonymus roseoperulatus Euonymus austrotibetanus Euonymus frigidus f. elongatus Euonymus porphyreus var. ellipticus Euonymus porphyreus var. angustifolius Euonymus frigidus var. elongatus Euonymus frigidus var. wardii ，被子植物门，龙胆目，落叶灌木，高0.1-3.5米，枝疏散。叶厚纸质，椭圆形或长方窄倒卵形，长6-15厘米，宽2-6厘米，先端急尖或钝，有时呈尖尾状，基部多为阔楔形或楔形，边缘有较硬锯齿，侧脉6-10对，在两面均较明显；叶柄长6-10毫米。聚伞花序松散；产于云南西部及西藏（墨脱）。生长于海拔1100-3000米的山间林中。 [1]
形态特征
落叶灌木，高0.1-3.5米，枝疏散。叶厚纸质，椭圆形或长方窄倒卵形，长6-15厘米，宽2-6厘米，先端急尖或钝，有时呈尖尾状；
基部多为阔楔形或楔形，边缘有较硬锯齿，侧脉6-10对，在两面均较明显；叶柄长6-10毫米。聚伞花序松散；花序梗长而细弱，长2-5厘米；
顶端具3-5分枝，分枝长1.5-2厘米；小花梗长约1厘米；花紫绿色，直径1-1.2厘米；萼片近圆形；花瓣阔卵形或近圆形；花盘微4裂，雄蕊着生裂片上，无花丝；
子房无花柱。蒴果具4翅，长1-1.4厘米，翅长2-3毫米，常微下垂，种子近圆盘状，稍扁，直径6-8毫米，包于橙色假种皮内。
Euonymus amygdalifolius Franchet; E. assamicus Blakelock; E. austrotibetanus Y. R. Li; E. burmanicus Merrill; E. crinitus Pampanini; E. dasydictyon Loesener & Rehder; E. frigidus f. elongatus (Cowan & A. H. Cowan) H. Hara; E. frigidus var. elongatus Cowan & A. H. Cowan; E. frigidus var. wardii (W. W. Smith) Blakelock; E. porphyreus Loesener; E. porphyreus var. angustifolius L. C. Wang & X. G. Sun; E. porphyreus var. ellipticus Blakelock; E. pygmaeus W. W. Smith; E. roseoperulatus Loesener; E. taliensis Loesener; E. wardii W. W. Smith.
Deciduous shrubs to small trees, 3-7 m tall; branches and twigs moderately sturdy, striate, brown or gray-brown when dry. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade thickly papery or thinly leathery, variously elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 6-11 × 2-3.5 cm, widest at mid-blade, base subrotund, cuneate, or attenuate, margin finely crenulate, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 5-7 pairs, disappearing before reaching margin.
Peduncle slender, 7-10 cm, 1 or 2 × dichotomously branched, several flowered; pedicel slender, 5-6 mm. Flowers 4-merous, less than 8 mm in diam.; sepals suborbicular, short; petals reddish to purple or brown, ovate, base cuneate. Ovary weakly angulate. Capsule green to brown, or yellow-brown when dry, nearly globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 4 short and obtuse wings, less than ca. 6 mm when fully developed. Aril bright red. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Nov.
Mixed forests, scrub; 500-4000 m. ?Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, ?Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
The gathering H. L. Tsiang 37838 from Sichuan was found to have 3- and 4-merous flowers co-existing on the same plant. The only other such occurrence is in Euonymus sachalinensis. The distribution reports from Gansu and Shanxi have not been confirmed.
分类文献
Euonymus frigidus Wall. ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 2: 409. 1824; Loes. in Engl et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed, 1942, 20 (B): 118, 1942, pp; Blakel. in Kew Bull. 1948: 238. 1948; 1. c. 1952; 280. 1951. 中国高等植物图鉴补编2: 230. 1983, 在检索表中; 西藏植物志3: 13C. 1986. ——E. frigidus Wall. ex Roxb. var. wardii (W. W. Smith) Blakel. 1. c. 239. 1951; 西藏植物志3: 131. 1986. ——E. wardii W. W. Smith in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 37. 1917; 中国高等植物图鉴补编2: 230. 1983, 在检索表中.——-E. pygmaeus W. W. Smith 1. c., 35. 1917, syn. nov.
产地生境
产于云南西部及西藏（墨脱）。生长于海拔1100-3000米的山间林中。分布于缅甸、印度。模式标本采自缅甸。