硬毛南芥檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 硬毛南芥 |
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中文學名:硬毛南芥 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:罌粟目 亞 目:白花菜亞目 科:十字花科 族:南芥族 屬:南芥屬 |
硬毛南芥，一年生或二年生草本，高30-90厘米，全株被有硬單毛、2-3叉毛、星狀毛及分枝毛。莖常中部分枝，直立。 [1]
硬毛南芥形態特徵
基生葉長橢圓形或匙形，長2-6厘米，寬6-14毫米，頂端鈍圓，邊緣全緣或呈淺疏齒，基部楔形；葉柄長1-2厘米；莖生葉多數，常貼莖，葉片長橢圓形或卵狀披針形，長2-5厘米，寬7-13毫米，頂端鈍圓，邊緣具淺疏齒，基部心形或呈鈍形葉耳，抱莖或半抱莖。
總狀花序頂生或腋生，花多數；萼片長橢圓形，長約4毫米，頂端銳尖，背面無毛；花瓣白色，長橢圓形，長4-6毫米，寬0.8-1.5毫米，頂端鈍圓，基部呈爪狀；花柱短，柱頭扁平。
長角果線形，長3.5-6.5厘米，直立，緊貼果序軸，果瓣具纖細中脈，宿存花柱長約0.3毫米；果梗直立，長8-15毫米。種子每室1行，約25粒，種子卵形，長1-1.2毫米，表面有不明顯顆粒狀突起，邊緣具窄翅，褐色。花期5-7月，果期6-7月。
Herbs perennial or sometimes biennial, (4-)10-80(-110) cm tall, usually densely hispid, with simple and stalked, forked or substellate trichomes. Stems erect, usually simple basally, often branched above. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole (0.5-)1-2 cm; leaf blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (1.5-)2.5-8(-10) × (0.5-)1-2.5 cm, pubescent, margin entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute. Cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate, oblong, oblanceolate, or ovate, (1-)1.5-5(-7) × (0.5-)1-2 cm, hirsute on both surfaces or adaxially glabrescent, base subcordate or auriculate and with obtuse or subacute auricles, margin dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels erect to erect-ascending, (2-)3-10(-15) mm, slender, glabrous or sparsely hirsute. Sepals narrowly oblong, 2.5-4 × 0.5-1.2 mm, not saccate. Petals white, rarely pink or purplish, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, rarely linear, (3.5-)4-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex obtuse. Filaments slender, 2.5-4.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7-1 mm. Ovules 30-80 per ovary. Fruit linear, (1.5-)2-5.5(-7) cm × 0.8-1.2 mm, erect to erect-ascending, often subappressed to rachis, flattened; valves glabrous, torulose, with a prominent midvein extending full length; style (0.1-)0.3-0.8(-1) mm. Seeds brown, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8-)1-1.5(-1.7) × 0.8-1.3 mm, uniseriate, wingless, narrowly winged all around, or winged distally. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32.
Meadows, grassy slopes, roadsides, mixed forests; 300-4000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe, North America].
A highly variable species, especially in spacing, shape, texture, base, and margin of cauline leaves, flower color, petal size, and density of indumentum. Many of the variants have been recognized at specific and infraspecific ranks. However, since the variation in China does not follow consistent morphological and/or geographical patterns, it is better to recognize only one variable taxon.
The records in FRPS and Fl. Xinjiang. (2(2): 142. 1995) of Arabis borealis Andrzejowski from Xinjiang, as well as those in FRPS and Fl. Guizhou. (7: 30. 1989) of A. sagittata de Candolle from Guizhou, are based on misidentified plants of A. hirsuta. Typical plants of A. sagittata are diploid (2n = 16) biennials with strongly sagittate cauline leaves, whereas those of A. hirsuta are tetraploid perennials or occasionally biennials with auriculate or subcordate cauline leaves. However, the distinction between the two is often difficult, especially in biennial plants of A. hirsuta. The present authors have examined no Chinese material that belongs to either A. borealis or A. sagittata.
硬毛南芥生長環境
生長於草原，乾燥山坡及路邊草叢中，海拔1500-4000米。
硬毛南芥分布範圍
產自黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、內蒙古、河北、山西、山東、河南、安徽、湖北、陝西、甘肅、寧夏、青海、新疆、四川、雲南、西藏等地。採收和儲藏：秋季可採收，洗淨，鮮用或曬乾。