單葉豆檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
單葉豆 |
中文名:單葉豆 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae 目:薔薇目 Rosales 亞 目:薔薇亞目 Rosineae 科:牛栓藤科 Connaraceae 屬:單葉豆屬 Ellipanthus 種:單葉豆 |
單葉豆(dān yè dòu),學名 Ellipanthus glabrifolius Merr.,俗名:鬼荔枝、知荊,灌木或喬木,產廣東海南島。是海南特有種。生於低海拔山地密林中,為季雨林中常見樹種。 [1]
單葉豆形態特徵
灌木或喬木,高4-10米,有高至25米者;樹皮灰褐色,枝與小枝為圓柱形,枝幼時被銹色短絨毛,後脫落無毛。單葉互生,葉薄革質,長圓形或長圓狀披針形,長7-14厘米,寬2.5-4.5厘米;
先端漸尖或短尖,基部圓形,全緣,兩面無毛,側脈4-7對,細脈網狀明顯;葉柄長1-2厘米,兩端稍膨大。圓錐花序或聚傘花序,腋生或頂生,花序少分枝,長1.5-5厘米,被淡黃色短絨毛;
花兩性,萼片5,卵狀披針形,長2毫米,外被短絨毛,花瓣5,白色,長圓狀披針形,長6-7毫米,兩面被短絨毛;雄蕊10,5枚發育,5枚極退化,花葯淡棕色,花絲被長柔毛;
心皮1,扁卵形,被長柔毛,1室。蓇葖果卵形,長12-20毫米,有喙,密被銹色絨毛;種子1,長1.5毫米,深褐色,稍有光澤,基部為2裂的假種皮所包圍。花期10月至翌年3月,果期7月 。
Shrubs climbing or trees, 4–10(–25) m tall. Bark gray-brown. Branchlets terete, minutely ferrugineous tomentose when young, later glabrescent. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm, slightly inflated at both ends, glabrous; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7–14 × 2.5–4.5 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, veins prominent abaxially, lateral veins 4–7-paired, base rounded, margin entire, apex acuminate or shortly pointed.
Inflorescences axillary or terminal, paniculate or glomerulate-racemose, 1.5–5 cm; rachis and pedicels minutely yellowish tomentose. Flowers bisexual. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, shortly tomentose abaxially.
Petals 5, white, oblong-lanceolate, 6–7 mm, shortly tomentose on both surfaces. Stamens ca. 10, unequal, 5 opposite sepals well developed, 5 opposite petals abortive; filaments villous; anthers bright brown.
Carpel 1, compressed ovoid, 1-celled, villous. Follicle ovoid, 12–20 mm, densely ferrugineous tomentose, apex beaked. Seed 1, dark brown, slightly glossy, ca. 1.5 mm, base covered by 2-lobed aril. Fl. Oct–Mar, fr. Jul of following year.
分類文獻
Ellipanthus glabrifolius Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 23:246. 1923; Schellenb. in Engl. Pflanzenr. H. 103: 183. 1938;中國高等植物圖鑑2: 319. 圖2368. 1972; 陳煥鏞等, 海南植物志3: 110. f. 606. 1974.
單葉豆生長環境
生長於低海拔山地密林中,為季雨林中常見樹種,又是海南特有種。
單葉豆分布範圍
產自廣東海南島。
單葉豆主要價值
樹皮含有鞣質,可提取栲膠。木材質堅重、耐腐,可作家具和建築用材 。