三裂叶半夏
| 三裂叶半夏 |
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中文学名:半夏属 拉丁学名:Pinellia Ten. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:单子叶植物纲 目:天南星目 科:天南星科 族:天南星族 属:半夏属 分布区域:东亚 分布量:世界：6种；中国：5种 引种状况:非引种 |
三裂叶半夏(sān liè yè bàn xià，学名 Pinellia tripartita (Blume) Schott，异名：Arisaema tripartitum Atherurus tripartitus Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea )一般指半夏属 Pinellia Tenore，是天南星科植物，全世界共有6种，分布于东亚，我国有5种，半夏、滴水珠、盾叶半夏、石蜘蛛、虎掌，南北均产，其中最重要的为半夏P. ternata（Thunb. ）Breit.，块茎入药，能燥湿化痰，降逆止呕，生用消疖肿，此外虎掌P. Pedatisecta Schott的块茎亦供药用。 [1]
目录
半夏属本属描述
半夏属是 多年生草本，具块茎。叶和花序同时抽出。叶柄下部或上部，叶片基部常有珠芽；叶片全缘，3深裂、3全裂或鸟足状分裂，裂片长圆椭圆形或卵状长圆形，侧脉纤细，近边缘有集合脉3条。
花序柄单生，与叶柄等长或超过。佛焰苞宿存，管部席卷，有增厚的横 隔膜，喉部几乎闭合；檐部长圆形，长约为管部的2倍，舟形。
肉穗花序下部雌花序与佛焰苞合生达隔膜（在喉部），单侧着花，内藏于佛焰苞管部；雄花序位于隔膜之上，圆柱形，短，附属器延长的线状圆锥形，超出佛焰苞很长。
浆果长圆状卵形、略锐尖，有不规则的疣皱；胚乳丰富，胚具轴 。
花单性，无花被，雄花有雄蕊2，雄蕊短，纵向压扁状，药隔细，药室顺肉穗花序方向伸长，顶孔纵向开裂，花粉无定形。雌花：子房卵圆形，1室，1胚珠；胚珠直生或几为半倒生，直立，珠柄短。
Atherurus tripartitus Blume, Rumphia 1: 137. 1835; Arisaema tripartitum (Blume) Engler; Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea Makino.
Tuber subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; cataphylls lanceolate, to 10 cm. Leaves 2-5; petiole green, 30-35 cm; leaf blade green, 3-partite; leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-oblong; anterior leaflet ca. 15 × 4-7 cm, apex ca. 1.5 cm; lateral leaflets smaller; primary lateral veins 8-12 per side on each leaflet, forming a distinct marginal collective vein, also with 2 thinner collective veins along margin. Inflorescence solitary; peduncle to 25 cm, shorter than petioles, slender.
Spathe whitish to light green, slightly constricted, 7-9(-10) cm; tube almost closed within by a transverse septum, gaping at base, oblong to subcylindric, ca. 3.5 × 1-1.25 cm; limb gaping, boat-shaped, oblong, ca. 4 × 2.5 cm. Spadix 20-25 cm; female zone ca. 3 cm, adnate to spathe; female flowers densely arranged; pistil 1-1.2 mm; ovary ovoid, 0.9-1 mm; style distinct, 0.2-0.3 mm, attenuate; stigma subhemispheric; sterile zone between female and male zone 0.6-0.7 cm; male zone 1.8-2 cm; thecae elongate, opening by a slit; appendix long exserted from spathe, sigmoid, 15-20 cm, base ca. 3 mm in diam., smooth. Berries pale green to whitish, ovoid, 1-seeded. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 26, 52.
Dense broad-leaved forests, forest margins, roadsides. Hong Kong [Japan].
Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).
半夏属下级分类
本属植物我国有5种，分别为：
滴水珠 Pinellia cordata
石蜘蛛 Pinellia integrifolia
虎掌Pinellia pedatisecta
盾叶半夏 Pinellia peltata
半夏属地理分布
半夏属应用价值
半夏为著名的中药材，其块茎能人药，具有燥湿化痰、降逆止呕，用有消疖肿等功能。也可将其盆栽观赏，此外虎掌的块茎亦供药用 。[4]