下花细辛
下花细辛 |
中文名:下花细辛 别 名:滇南兴山荚蒾 界:植物界 门:蕨类植物门Pteridophyta 纲:蕨纲Filicopsida 目:真蕨目Eufilicales 科:马兜铃科Aristolochiaceae 属:细辛属Asarum 种:下花细辛Asarum hypogynum Hayata 分布区域:产我国湖北西南部、 四川东南部和西南部、 |
下花细辛(xià huā xì xīn,学名 Asarum hypogynum Hayata,俗名:芋叶细辛,异名:Asarum hayatanum Heterotropa hayatana Heterotropa hypogyna Asarum grandiflorum Heterotropa hayatana f. colocasiifolia Asarum grandiflorum var. colocasiifolium ),叶较狭,条状披针形至倒披针形,长3-8厘米,宽1-1.5厘米,顶端锐尖或渐尖,基部楔形,边缘疏生小锐齿。花序较小,宽2-4厘米。果实直径3-4毫米。中国特有植物,非人工引种栽培。 [1]
目录
下花细辛形态特征
下花细辛,叶较狭,条状披针形至倒披针形,长3-8厘米,宽1-1.5厘米,顶端锐尖或渐尖,基部楔形,边缘疏生小锐齿。花序较小,宽2-4厘米。果实直径3-4毫米
一年生或多年生草本,直立或者盘绕,雌雄异株或有时雌雄同体,通常有一些钟乳体(在毛状体基部的一个坚固的钙化碳酸盐结构)垂直的根状茎,5-6毫米直径, 节间的不到1 厘米叶单生;
叶柄10-18厘米,后脱落; 叶片正面绿色的具白点,长圆状三角形, 13-19.5 * 6.6-20 厘米,背面均匀苍绿色,最初用腺体,正面点缀后脱落,基部深心形,侧面裂片 3-9 * 2.8-9.5 厘米,先端渐尖或尾状;
芽苞叶卵形,大约 0.4 * 0.5厘米。花序梗上升的,紫色绿色, 3-6 厘米。花萼钟状辐状的, 3-3.5 * 3-4 厘米;萼片合生超过贴生的子房,背面无毛;
近圆筒状的筒部,约0.9×1厘米,强烈缢缩在喉部,正面棋盘格状,孔环约1.5毫米宽;裂片近圆形,约1×2厘米,基部具丰富的腺体和具乳突具皱褶区。[2]
雄蕊12; 花丝远短于花药; 药隔不在花药以外延长,圆形。 子房上位或半下位。 花柱离生,先端2半裂; 柱头近顶生。 花期 10月7月。[3]
分类文献
Asarum hypogynum Hayata, Ic. Pl, Formos. 5: 144. f. 53. 1915.[4]
Asarum grandiflorum Hayata (1915), not Klotzsch (1859); A. grandiflorum var. colocasiifolium Hayata; A. hayatanum F. Maekawa ex Masamune; Heterotropa hayatana F. Maekawa; H. hayatana f. colocasiifolia (Hayata) F. Maekawa ex Nemoto; H. hypogyna (Hayata) F. Maekawa ex Nemoto.
Herbs. Rhizomes vertical, 5-6 mm in diam., internodes less than 1 cm. Leaves solitary; petiole 10-18 cm, glabrescent; leaf blade adaxially green with white spots, oblong-triangular, 13-19.5 × 6.6-20 cm, abaxial surface uniformly pale green, dotted with glands, adaxial surface initially glabrescent, base deeply cordate, lateral lobes 3-9 × 2.8-9.5 cm, apex acuminate or caudate;
cataphylls ovate, ca. 0.4 × 0.5 cm. Peduncle ascending, 3-6 cm. Calyx purple-green, campanulate-rotate, 3-3.5 × 3-4 cm; sepals connate beyond attachment to ovary, abaxially glabrous;
tube subcylindric, ca. 0.9 × 1 cm, strongly constricted at throat, adaxially tessellate, orifice ring ca. 1.5 mm wide; lobes subrotund, ca. 1 × 2 cm, base with abundant glands and papillate-corrugate area. Stamens 12;
filaments much shorter than anthers; connectives not extended beyond anthers, rounded. Ovary superior or half-inferior. Styles free, apex 2-cleft; stigmas subterminal. Fl. Oct-Jul.
- Forests, shady areas, mountain slopes; 1000-2000 m. Taiwan.
No specimens were seen; the data above are from the original description and figure.
下花细辛生长环境
生长于海拔420-450米的山地和阴湿地。
下花细辛分布范围
下花细辛部分相关物种
参考来源
- ↑ 下花细辛, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 下花细辛生根剂 本品/烟对白粉虱粉虱-液体... 17小时前 树烂宝智钾肥林之下花细辛生根剂料源黄慧碳含矿腐酸��。 本品/烟对白粉虱粉虱��,树烂跳还羊参生根剂甲特效�,树烂见效快�,小时达到高峰杀虫...
- ↑ 王桂清. 离体条件下细辛精油对3种棉花病害致病菌的抑菌活性. 《 CNKI;WanFang 》 , 2008
- ↑ 下花细辛(存疑种) .基础科学数据共享网生物学科数据分中心[引用日期2014-01-14