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加拿大原住民法律

加拿大原住民法律
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加拿大原住民法律,(英語Canadian Aboriginal law法語Droit autochtone canadien),是加拿大法律體系的一部分,涉及與加拿大原住民有關的各種問題[1] [2] [3]

目录

簡介

加拿大原住民法律,是在加拿大語境中,原住民法律(Aboriginal Law)與原住民固有法律(Indigenous Law)為不同概念:

法律淵源

原住民法律基於各種成文的和不成文法律淵源。《1763年公告(1763年英皇文告)》是為加拿大(1763年稱為「魁北克」)的原住民設立特殊土地權利的基礎文件。

1867年憲法法令》第91(24)條賦予聯邦議會獨家權力,就「印第安人及為印第安人保留的土地」相關事宜訂立法律。[6]

依據這項權力,該立法機構頒布了《印第安法令》、《第一民族土地管理法令》、[7]印第安石油及天然氣法令》、[8]官方與原住民關係及北方事務部法令》[9],以及《原住民服務部法令》。[10][11]

1982年憲法法令Constitution Act, 1982》第二部分承認官方與原住民的條約及原住民土地權利,其中第35條尤為重要。第35條對原住民權利的承認是指慣例中原住民權利的古老淵源。[12]

延伸閱讀

外部連結

參考文獻

  1. 加拿大原住民遭歧视的诸多悲剧,都源于这部法律_保留地,搜狐.sohu,2021-09-23
  2. 【綠人談壇09】加拿大 vs. 台灣:原住民相關法律比較,綠人談壇- WordPress.com,2014-03-11
  3. Hogg, Peter W., Constitutional Law of Canada. 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, page 631.
  4. John Borrows. Indigenous Legal Traditions in Canada (PDF). Report for the Law Commission of Canada. Law Foundation Chair in Aboriginal Justice and Governance Faculty of Law, University of Victoria. 2006 [2022-01-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-09-06). In Canada, Indigenous legal traditions are separate from but interact with common law and civil law to produce a variety of rights and obligations for Indigenous people....Many Indigenous societies in Canada possess legal traditions. These traditions have indeterminate status in the eyes of many Canadian institutions. 
  5. Campagnolo, Iona, Kyuquot First Nation Community Reception: Remarks by Lieutenant Governor Iona Campagnolo, Office of the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (Victoria: Queen's Printer for British Columbia), 13 January 2005 [29 September 2009], (原始内容存档于2007-09-27) 
  6. Smith, David E. The Republican Option in Canada. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press. 1999: 16. ISBN 0-8020-4469-7. monarchy canada. 
  7. First Nations Land Management Act (S.C. 1999, c. 24).
  8. Indian Oil and Gas Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. I-7).
  9. Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Act (S.C. 2019, c. 29, s. 337)
  10. Department of Indigenous Services Act (S.C. 2019, c. 29, s. 336).
  11. Elkins, David J. Any Lessons for Us in Australia's Debate? (PDF). Policy Options. May 1999: 23 [10 February 2009]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-10-27). 
  12. Constitution Act, 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Department of Justice. Government of Canada. 1982 [2009-09-18]. (原始内容存档于2007-03-20).