華山蔞
華山蔞 |
中文名:華山蔞 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:木蘭目 科:胡椒科 屬:胡椒屬 亞 屬:胡椒亞屬 種:華山蔞 命名者及年代:(Champ.) C. DC.,1868 中文學名:Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC. |
華山蔞(huá shān lóu,學名:Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC.),是雙子葉植物綱、胡椒科、胡椒屬藤本灌木;莖、枝有膨大的節,揉之有香氣;維管束外面的聯合成環,葉互生,全緣;托葉多少貼生於葉柄上,早落。花單性,雌雄異株,或稀有兩性或雜性,聚集成與葉對生或稀有頂生的穗狀花序,花序通常寬於總花梗的3倍以上;苞片離生,盾狀或杯狀;通常着生於花序軸上,稀着生於子房基部,子房離生或有時嵌生於花序軸中而與其合生,漿果倒卵形,無柄或具長短不等的柄。花期5-8月。 產於中國雲南東南部(西疇、馬關、屏邊)。生於林中,攀援於樹上或石上,海拔1100-1300米。模式標本采自雲南屏邊。 (概述圖參考來源:中國自然標本館) [1]
目錄
華山蔞形態特徵
攀援藤本,長約5米或過之;幼枝被較密的軟柔毛,老時脫落近無毛。
葉紙質,卵形、卵狀長圓形或長圓形,長8-15厘米,寬3.5-6.5厘米,頂端鈍或短尖,基部深心形,兩耳圓,有時重疊,幾相等,腹面無毛或有時中脈基部被疏毛;
背面各處被短柔毛,脈上尤甚; 葉脈7條,通常對生,最上1對離基5-10毫米從中脈發出,最外1對自基部橫出約5-15毫米長即彎拱網結,網狀脈明顯;葉柄長1-1.5厘米,密被毛。
花單性,雌雄異株,聚集成與葉對生的穗狀花序。雄花序長2.5-4厘米,粗壯,開花時直徑達5毫米;總花梗短於葉柄,被粗毛,直徑近2毫米;花序軸無毛;苞片圓形,近無柄,盾狀,直徑約1.2毫米,無毛;
雄蕊2枚,花葯2裂,花絲極短。雌花序比雄花序短,果期長不超過3厘米;花序軸和苞片與雄花序的無異;柱頭通常30漿果球形,無毛,直徑約2.5毫米,下部嵌生於花序軸中並與其合生。花期3-6月。 [2]
分類文獻
Piper sinense (Champ. ) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16: 361. 1868; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 31: 94. 1887; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 366. 1891; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 155. 1921.——Chavica sinensis Champ. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 6: 116. 1854; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 335. 1861.
Chavica sinensis (Champion) Bentham, J. Bot. (Hooker) 6: 116. 1854; Piper sinense (Champion ex Bentham) C. de Candolle (1868), not P. chinense Miquel (1845).
Climbers to more than 5 m, dioecious. Young stems densely softly pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, densely pubescent;
leaf blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or oblong, 8-15 × 3.5-6.5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent, especially along veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent at base, base deeply cordate, basal lobes often overlapping, ± symmetric, apex obtuse or acute; veins 7, usually opposite, apical pair arising 5-1 mm above base; reticulate veins conspicuous. Spikes leaf-opposed.
Male spikes 2.5-4 cm × 4-5 mm; peduncle shorter than petioles, roughly pubescent; rachis glabrous; bracts orbicular, ca. 1.2 mm wide, peltate, glabrous, ± sessile. Stamens 2. Female spikes to 3 cm in fruit; rachis and bracts as in male spikes. Stigmas usually 3. Drupe globose, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., partly connate to rachis. Fl. Mar-Jun.
- Forests, along streams, on trees; circa 400 m. S to SW Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan (Emei Xian)
This species is much better known as Piper sinense but unfortunately that name must be treated as a later homonym of P. chinense (ICBN, Art. 53.3), so a new name has had to be given.
華山蔞生長環境
主要生長於密林中或溪澗邊,攀援於樹上。[3]
華山蔞分布範圍
參考來源
- ↑ 華山蔞, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 華山蔞Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC. _植物通 種中文名:華山蔞 種拉丁名:Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC. 科中文名:胡椒科 科拉丁名:Piperaceae 屬中文名:胡椒屬 屬拉丁名:Piper ...
- ↑ 華山蔞 - 植物圖譜 - 中華藥典-嶺南中藥網 華山蔞(藥用植物) 收藏 | 0本詞條由嶺南中藥網整理並發布提供內容,未經許可不得轉載 。植物名華山蔞 拼音HuaShanLou 學名Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC...
- ↑ 華山蔞長這樣_好看視頻 - 秒懂百科 視頻時長 00:45 2019年8月30日 - 原來華山蔞長這樣,本視頻由秒懂百科提供,0次播放,有0人點讚,0人對此視頻發表評論,好看視頻是由百度團隊打造的集...