華山黃耆
華山黃耆 |
中文學名:華山黃耆 拉丁學名:Astragalus havianus Pet.-Stib. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:薔薇目 亞 目:薔薇亞目 科:豆科 亞 科:蝶形花亞科 族:山羊豆族·黃耆亞族 屬:黃耆屬 亞 屬:華黃耆亞屬 組:多枝組 |
華山黃耆(huá shān huáng qí,學名:Astragalus havianus Pet.-Stib.)為豆科黃芪屬的植物,是中國的特有植物。分布在中國大陸的陝西等地,生長於海拔2,000米的地區,多生于山坡、路旁以及岩石縫中。 [1]
目錄
華山黃耆形態特徵
多年生草本。莖細弱,多分枝,高約30厘米;幼枝疏被白色短柔毛,老時近無毛。
奇數羽狀複葉,具13-19片小葉,長5-8厘米;葉柄長0.5-5厘米;托葉離生,卵形或卵狀披針形,近無毛;小葉卵形或長圓形,長6-15毫米,寬3-6毫米,先端微凹,基部近圓形,上面無毛,下面被白色伏貼短柔毛,尤以中脈上為多,具短柄。
總狀花序生7-10花,稍密集;總花梗腋生,較葉長或近等長,被白色伏貼短柔毛,近花序軸處混有黑色伏貼短柔毛;苞片卵狀披針形,長1-2毫米,先端尖,下面被黑色和白色伏貼柔毛;小苞片缺;
花梗與苞片近等長,連同花序軸和總花梗被黑色或混有白色伏貼柔毛;花萼鍾狀,長3-4毫米,被黑色或混有白色伏貼短柔毛,萼齒錐狀,長約為萼筒的1/2;
花冠淡紫色,旗瓣寬倒卵形,長8-10毫米,先端微凹,基部漸狹,翼瓣較旗瓣稍長或近等長,瓣片狹長圓形,先端鈍尖,基部有較寬的長圓形短耳,瓣柄長約3毫米,龍骨瓣長7-8毫米,具短耳,瓣柄長約3毫米;子房披針形,密被白色或混有黑色柔毛,具柄。
莢果狹卵形,長7-8毫米,寬3-4毫米,先端尖,散生黑色短柔毛,果頸稍露出宿萼,1室,有種子3-4枚;種子淡褐色,腎形,長約2.5毫米。花期6-7月,果期7-8月。 [2]
Astragalus havianus Pet. -Stib. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 37. 1937-1938; 中國主要植物圖說·豆科379. 1955. ——A. tasaricus Franch. var. maior Tsai et Yu in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 28. f. 7. 1936.
Astragalus havianus var. pallidiflorus Y. C. Ho; A. tatari-cus Franchet var. major H. T. Tsai & T. T. Yu.
Plants up to 30 cm tall, sparsely hairy or subglabrous, rarely ± densely hairy, with appressed white and in inflores-cence also black hairs 0.15-0.35 mm. Stems subglabrous to sparsely hairy. Leaves 3-7.5 cm; stipules green, 3-4 mm, ± high vaginate-connate behind stem, glabrous or sparsely ciliate; petiole short, like rachis sparsely to loosely hairy; leaflets in (5-)7-9 pairs, elliptic, 4-8(-15) × 1.5-4(-8) mm, flat, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially glabrous, rarely hairy on both surfaces, apex subacute. Racemes at anthesis densely 8-12-flowered, at fruiting time distinctly elongated; peduncle 4-6 cm, sparsely to loosely white hairy; bracts 1-1.5 mm, sparsely ciliate. Calyx 3-4 mm, sparsely to loosely white and black hairy; teeth unequal, 0.5-1.2 mm. Petals blue or pale purple; standard obovate, ca. 10 × 5-6 mm; wings ca. 9 mm; keel ca. 8 mm. Legumes with a stipe distinctly longer than calyx tube, obliquely ellipsoid, 7-8 mm, ca. 3 mm high, attenuate at both ends, dorsally shallowly grooved, with a short beak, nearly 1-locular; valves at first rather densely hairy, when ripe only with scattered black hairs.
● Loessic soil; 800-2000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
華山黃耆生長環境
生長於海拔2000米左右的山坡、路旁及岩石縫中。 [3]
華山黃耆分布範圍
產於陝西的華山、太白山。[4]