单叶豆
单叶豆 |
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中文名:单叶豆 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Dicotyledoneae 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 Archichlamydeae 目:蔷薇目 Rosales 亚 目:蔷薇亚目 Rosineae 科:牛栓藤科 Connaraceae 属:单叶豆属 Ellipanthus 种:单叶豆 |
单叶豆(dān yè dòu),学名 Ellipanthus glabrifolius Merr.,俗名:鬼荔枝、知荆,灌木或乔木,产广东海南岛。是海南特有种。生于低海拔山地密林中,为季雨林中常见树种。 [1]
目录
单叶豆形态特征
灌木或乔木,高4-10米,有高至25米者;树皮灰褐色,枝与小枝为圆柱形,枝幼时被锈色短绒毛,后脱落无毛。单叶互生,叶薄革质,长圆形或长圆状披针形,长7-14厘米,宽2.5-4.5厘米;
先端渐尖或短尖,基部圆形,全缘,两面无毛,侧脉4-7对,细脉网状明显;叶柄长1-2厘米,两端稍膨大。圆锥花序或聚伞花序,腋生或顶生,花序少分枝,长1.5-5厘米,被淡黄色短绒毛;
花两性,萼片5,卵状披针形,长2毫米,外被短绒毛,花瓣5,白色,长圆状披针形,长6-7毫米,两面被短绒毛;雄蕊10,5枚发育,5枚极退化,花药淡棕色,花丝被长柔毛;
心皮1,扁卵形,被长柔毛,1室。蓇葖果卵形,长12-20毫米,有喙,密被锈色绒毛;种子1,长1.5毫米,深褐色,稍有光泽,基部为2裂的假种皮所包围。花期10月至翌年3月,果期7月 。
Shrubs climbing or trees, 4–10(–25) m tall. Bark gray-brown. Branchlets terete, minutely ferrugineous tomentose when young, later glabrescent. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm, slightly inflated at both ends, glabrous; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7–14 × 2.5–4.5 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, veins prominent abaxially, lateral veins 4–7-paired, base rounded, margin entire, apex acuminate or shortly pointed.
Inflorescences axillary or terminal, paniculate or glomerulate-racemose, 1.5–5 cm; rachis and pedicels minutely yellowish tomentose. Flowers bisexual. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, shortly tomentose abaxially.
Petals 5, white, oblong-lanceolate, 6–7 mm, shortly tomentose on both surfaces. Stamens ca. 10, unequal, 5 opposite sepals well developed, 5 opposite petals abortive; filaments villous; anthers bright brown.
Carpel 1, compressed ovoid, 1-celled, villous. Follicle ovoid, 12–20 mm, densely ferrugineous tomentose, apex beaked. Seed 1, dark brown, slightly glossy, ca. 1.5 mm, base covered by 2-lobed aril. Fl. Oct–Mar, fr. Jul of following year.
分类文献
Ellipanthus glabrifolius Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 23:246. 1923; Schellenb. in Engl. Pflanzenr. H. 103: 183. 1938;中国高等植物图鉴2: 319. 图2368. 1972; 陈焕镛等, 海南植物志3: 110. f. 606. 1974.
单叶豆生长环境
生长于低海拔山地密林中,为季雨林中常见树种,又是海南特有种。
单叶豆分布范围
产自广东海南岛。
单叶豆主要价值
树皮含有鞣质,可提取栲胶。木材质坚重、耐腐,可作家具和建筑用材 。