多脈南星

多脈南星

原圖鏈接 來自植物標本館

中文名:多脈南星 拉丁學名:Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:單子葉植物綱 目:澤瀉目 科:天南星科 族:天南星族 屬:天南星屬 種:多脈南星 分布區域:中國西藏 南部聶拉木

多脈南星(duō mài nán xīng，學名：Arisaema costatum）：是單子葉植物綱天南星科天南星屬的植物。分布於尼泊爾以及中國大陸的雲南、西藏等地，生長於海拔2,300米至2,400米的地區，見於林間草地，目前尚未由人工引種栽培。

目錄

多脈南星形態特徵

多脈南星 塊莖扁球形，直徑3-5厘米。鱗葉披針形，長漸狹，銳尖，展平寬約4厘米，內面的長達25厘米。葉1，葉柄綠色，常帶紫色，長30-55厘米，下部1/4-1/3具鞘，上部粗1厘米；

葉片3全裂，表面深綠色，背面淡綠色，裂片具短柄或近無柄，中裂片橢圓形或長圓形，長16-30厘米，寬9-16厘米，漸尖；

側裂片極偏斜，外側常為內側寬的2倍，外側基部耳狀，內側漸狹；側脈極多數，斜伸，幾平行，背面明顯隆起。

花序柄比葉柄短，長20-45厘米。佛焰苞暗紫色，具白色縱條紋，管部圓柱形，長4-8厘米，內面有明顯的肋脊，喉部邊緣稍外卷；檐部長圓卵形，下彎，長4-10厘米，寬2.5-5厘米，先端驟尖成1-4厘米長的尾。

原圖鏈接 來自植物標本館

肉穗花序單性，雄花序長2-3.7厘米，花疏，雄花具柄，花葯3-5，裂縫成馬蹄形；雌花序長2.5-3厘米，粗1.5厘米，子房花柱短，柱頭小，盤狀，白色。

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

各附屬器具長5-8毫米、粗2-3毫米的柄，全長30-50厘米，暗紫色，基部擴大，基底截平，向上漸狹為線形，伸出佛焰苞後蜿蜒下垂。花期6月。

分類文獻

Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart. in Flora 14: 458. 1831, in nota; Blume in Rumphia 1: 101. 1835; Engl. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 2: 541. 1879, in Engl., Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23F): 217. 1920; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 501. 1893; Hara, Fl. E. Himal. ed. 2: 332, Pl. 6: a et 17, fig. 50: C. 1971. ——Arum costatum Wallich, Tent. Fl. Nepal. 28, t. 19. 1824.

Plants dioecious. Tuber brown outside, white inside, depressed globose, 3-5 cm in diam. Cataphylls 3, ca. 50 × 25 cm, membranous. Leaf solitary; petiole green, often slightly purplish, terete, 30-50 cm, proximal 1/4-1/3 sheathing into pseudostem, ca. 1 cm in diam.; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets pale green abaxially, deep green adaxially, shortly petiolulate or subsessile; terminal elliptic or oblong, 16-30 × 9-16 cm, base auriculate and rounded, inner base narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral veins very numerous and running almost parallel, distinctly raised abaxially, impressed adaxially. Peduncle emerging from pseudostem, shorter than petioles, 25-45 cm.

Spathe dark purple, with white longitudinal lines; tube cylindric, 4-8 cm, slightly costate inside, but in Xizang specimens almost smooth inside, throat margins slightly recurved; limb incurved, narrowly ovate-oblong, 3-4 cm, apex acuminate with a filiform tail. Spadix unisexual; female zone 2.4-3.5 cm; ovary green; style short; stigma white, disciform; appendix pendulous from spathe, dark purple, very long flagelliform, 20-50 cm, inflated toward base, base truncate, swollen disciform, with a stipe 3-5 mm, smooth throughout; male zone 2-3.7 cm; synandria of 3-5 stamens; connected filaments distinct; thecae dehiscing by a horseshoe-shaped slit. Fl. Jul.

Grasslands in forest areas; 2300-2400 m. S Xizang (Dinggyê, Nyalam) [Nepal].

Molecular phylogeny has revealed that Arisaema costatum is not closest to the other members of A. sect. Arisaema but is instead monophyletic with African species that have radiate leaves (Renner, Zhang & Murata, Amer. J. Bot. 91: 881-888. 2004).Molecular phylogeny has revealed that Arisaema costatum is not closest to the other members of A. sect. Arisaema but is instead monophyletic with African species that have radiate leaves (Renner, Zhang & Murata, Amer. J. Bot. 91: 881-888. 2004).

多脈南星生長環境

生長於海拔2300-2400米的林間草地。生長在河谷林下，林緣草甸， 林中。

多脈南星分布範圍

國內分布：西藏南部聶拉木。

國外分布：尼泊爾也有。

多脈南星主要價值

醫藥：【藏藥】大羔：主要功效是根治鼻息肉，鼻腫瘤《青藏藥鑒》。

多脈南星相關的種

刺柄南星Arisaema asperatum N. E. Br.

滄江南星Arisaema bonatianum Engl.

多脈南星Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart.

會澤南星Arisaema dahaiense H. Li

粗序南星Arisaema dilatatum Buchet

象南星Arisaema elephas Buchet

冀檐南星Arisaema griffithii Schott

翼檐南星（原變種）Arisaema griffithii Schott var. griffithii

疣柄翼檐南星（變種）Arisaema griffithii Schott var. verrucosum (Schott) H. Hara

疣序南星Arisaema handelii Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz.

高原南星Arisaema intermedium Blume

凌雲南星Arisaema lingyunense H. Li

小南星Arisaema parvum N. E. Br. ex Hemsl.

藏南星Arisaema propinquum Schott

黑南星Arisaema rhombiforme Buchet

相嶺南星Arisaema smithii K. Krause

美麗南星Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart.

騰衝南星Arisaema tengtsungense H. Li

網檐南星Arisaema utile Hook.f. ex Schott

川中南星Arisaema wilsonii Engl.

短柄川中南星（變種）Arisaema wilsonii Engl. var. forrestii Engl.

川中南星（原變種）Arisaema wilsoniiEngl. var. wilsonii