巫山堇菜
| 巫山堇菜 |
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中文學名:巫山堇菜 拉丁學名:Viola henryi H. de Boiss. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:堇菜科 屬:堇菜屬 亞 屬:堇菜亞屬 組:雙緣柱頭堇菜組 |
巫山堇菜（wū shān jǐn cài，學名：Viola henryi）是堇菜科堇菜屬的植物，為我國的特有植物。產湖北、湖南、四川。生於海拔400-600米山谷密林下陰濕處。 [1]
目錄
巫山堇菜形態特徵
多年生草本，高達30-40厘米。根狀莖斜生或垂直，長達7厘米，粗約2-4毫米，節間長1-2厘米，密生多數細長的支根。地上莖單一或數條，直立，平滑無毛，基部無葉，中下部葉較稀疏，頂部葉密集。
葉片卵形或卵狀披針形，長3.5-8厘米，寬2-4厘米，基部淺心形或圓形，稍下延，先端長漸尖，邊緣具向內彎曲的鈍鋸齒，上面綠色，兩面散生短柔毛或近無毛；葉柄長1-8厘米，莖中、下部葉的葉柄較長，通常稍長於葉片，或與葉片近等長，頂部葉的葉柄明顯短於葉片；托葉綠色，卵形，長約5-7毫米，先端漸尖，邊緣具流蘇狀齒。
花淡紫堇色，生於頂部葉的葉腋；花梗細弱，遠較葉為短，上部具2枚近對生的鑽狀小苞片；
萼片狹條形，長約4毫米，寬約0.7毫米，先端稍尖，邊緣狹膜質，基部附屬物極短，末端截形；花瓣長圓狀倒卵形，上方花瓣長約10-12毫米，寬約4毫米，側方花瓣長約11毫米，寬約3毫米，裡面基部無鬚毛，下方花瓣連距長約9毫米；距淺囊狀，長2-3毫米，粗約2.5毫米；
花葯長約2毫米，藥隔頂端附屬物長約2毫米，下方雄蕊之距短角狀，長約2毫米，粗約2毫米；子房卵球形，無毛 (但原始記載有長柔毛) ，花柱棍棒狀，基部向前方稍膝曲，柱頭兩側及後方具稍肥厚的緣邊，前方具近直立的短喙，喙端具圓形的柱頭孔。
花期3-5月。 [2]
Viola henryi H. de Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 (11): 1075. 1901; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 425. 1917.
Herbs perennial, to 30-40 cm tall. Rhizome obliquely ascending or erect, to 7 cm, 2-4 mm in diam., with numerous long, slender rootlets. Stems solitary or several, erect, smooth, glabrous, leafless at base, few leaved at middle and lower parts, densely leaved at apex. Stipules green, ovate, 5-7 mm, margin fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petioles 1-8 cm, those of leaves at middle and lower parts longer, usually slightly longer than or subequaling blades, those of leaves at apex conspicuously shorter than blades; blades adaxially green, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-8 × 2-4 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, base shallowly cordate or rounded, slightly decurrent, margin obtusely serrate, apex long acuminate. Flowers in leaf axils at apex, purplish violet; pedicels much shorter than leaves, slender, 2-bracteolate at upper part; bracteoles opposite, subulate. Sepals narrowly linear, ca. 4 × 0.7 mm, margin narrowly membranous, apex acuminate, basal auricles very short, apex truncate. Petals oblong-obovate, upper ones 1-1.2 cm × ca. 4 mm, lateral ones ca. 1.1 cm × 3 mm, glabrous, anterior one ca. 9 mm (spur included); spur shallowly saccate, 2-3 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 2 mm, spur of 2 anterior stamens shortly angular, ca. 2 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate forward at base; stigmas margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, beak nearly erect, with a rounded stigma hole at tip. Fl. May, fr. Jul.
巫山堇菜生長環境
生長於海拔400-600米山谷密林下陰濕處。