引語
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引語[[[文章]]、演說中]權威方面的一段話作為引言或根據者 。如:用那段~…作出發點。
基本信息
中文名稱 引語 [1]
拼音 yǐn yǔ
用法 引用的著名的或流行的段落
分類 直接引語間接引語
信息
yǐn yǔ
1.適於引用的著名的、傑出的或流行的段落。如:~集錦。
區別介紹
直接引語:直接引述別人的話(改成我或她說)。
間接引語:用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫"間接引語"(句子中一般無"")
間接引語
A.一般不表示請求或祈使的句子改為一個賓語從句
1.連詞
若直接引語引號里的內容是陳述句，那麼改為間接時，要用連詞 that (可以省略)
若直接引語引號里的內容是一般疑問句，那麼改為間接時 ，要用連詞 if/whether (不可以省略)
若直接引語引號里的內容是特殊疑問句，那麼改為間接時 .，要用連詞 wh- 即特殊疑問詞本身(不可省)
2.變化
(1)主句動詞的變化
一般說來，主句謂語動詞常為said或said to，變為間接引語時，當直接引語是陳述句時，said不變。當直接引語是一般疑問句和特殊疑問句時，則要把said或said to變為asked / asked sb.
(2)從句人稱的變化
由直接引語變間接引語時，從句的主語人稱要遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。①直接引語的主語是第一人稱變為間接引語時要和主句的主語保持一致。②如果直接引語的主語是第二人稱變為間接引語時要與主句的賓語保持一致。③如果直接引語的主語是第三人稱變為間接引語時，人稱不變。例如:
①They said, "We will go there by bus." →They said they would go there by bus.
②She said to me, "Are you interested in science?" →She asked me if I was interested in science.
③His mother said to me, "He can't go to school." →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
(3)從句動詞時態的變化
a. 如果主句的時態是一般過去時，從句的時態則應是與主句時態相應的過去時態。①一般現在時→一般過去時;②一般過去時→過去完成時;③現在進行時→過去進行時;④現在完成時→過去完成時;⑤過去完成時→過去完成時(不變);⑥一般將來時→過去將來時。例如:
The girl said, "I'm sorry for being late for class." →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
b. 直接引語變為間接引語時，如果主句中的謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時，則間接引語從句的時態保持不變。例如:
He says, "I have finished my homework." →He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say, "I'll do it tomorrow." →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
c. 直接引語如果是客觀事實或真理，變為間接引語時，從句時態不變。例如:
The teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun." →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
(4)指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
a. 直接引語變為間接引語時，指示代詞的變化為this→that， these→those等;時間狀語的變化為now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等;地點狀語的變化為here→there;動詞的變化為come→go(go 不要變come)。例如:
1. She said, "I will come this evening." →She said that she would go that evening.
2. He said, "My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now." →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
b. 表示請求或祈使的句子改為句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
當直接引語引號里的內容表示要求時用tell sb (not) to do sth
當直接引語引號里的內容表示請求時用ask sb (not) to do sth
當直接引語引號里的內容表示強制要求時用order sb (not) to do sth
參考來源