怒江藤黃
怒江藤黃 |
中文學名:怒江藤黃 拉丁學名:Garcinia nujiangensis C. Y. Wu et Y. H. Li 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:藤黃科 亞 科:藤黃亞科 族:藤黃族 屬:藤黃屬 種:怒江藤黃 分布區域:中國雲南西部 西北部(貢山) 栽培:非人工引種栽培 |
怒江藤黃,別名:歇第、捧咖昔、哇咖撲昔,拉丁學名:Garcinia nujiangensis C. Y. Wu et Y. H. Li),是雙子葉植物綱、藤黃科、藤黃屬喬木,樹皮灰褐色。葉片堅紙質,披針形,卵狀披針形或長圓狀披針形,花雜性,異株。花瓣淡黃色,倒卵形,花絲聯合成4束,果成熟時圓球形、橢圓球形或卵球形,淡黃色,種子1枚。怒江藤黃生長于山坡或溝谷的密林中。 [1]
目錄
怒江藤黃形態特徵
怒江藤黃 喬木,高10-15米,胸徑20-30厘米;樹皮灰褐色。枝條具縱溝槽,灰褐色或棕褐色,不具皮孔。
葉片堅紙質,披針形,卵狀披針形或長圓狀披針形,長10-13(-15)厘米,寬3-5厘米,頂端漸尖,基部楔形;中脈兩面隆起,側脈12-15對,彎拱,至邊緣處聯結,在下面明顯隆起,第三次小脈幾平行,不成網狀;葉柄長6-12毫米。
花雜性,異株。雄花序為極短的聚傘狀,長不到1厘米,花序2-3腋生,總梗長約2毫米,粗壯,每個聚傘花序着花6-8朵或更多;
花梗長1-2毫米;花萼裂片外方2枚較厚,肉質,內方2枚較薄,均邊緣膜質,近圓形,幾等大;花瓣淡黃色,倒卵形,幾等大,比萼片稍小;能育雄蕊的花絲聯合成4束,每束有花葯50-64枚,退化雌蕊倒卵形,柱頭盾形,邊緣具不規則的裂口。
雌花序2-3歧聚傘狀,腋生,總梗極短,長約3-4毫米,基部苞片宿存;花梗長1.5-2厘米,具溝槽;雌蕊高6-8毫米,中部膨大,柱頭盾形,4裂,無乳頭狀瘤突,子房1室,胚珠1;退化雄蕊的花絲聯合成1輪,包圍雌蕊,花葯20-25。[2]
果成熟時圓球形、橢圓球形或卵球形,長2.5-3厘米,淡黃色,柱頭宿存,有時偏斜,種子1。花期12月至翌年2月,果期8-9月。
Garcinia nujiangensis C. Y. Wu et Y. H. Li in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19 (4): 494, fig. 4. 1981.
Trees 10-15 m tall, 20-30 cm in diam. Bark gray-brown. Twigs gray-brown or dark brown, longitudinally sulcate, not lenticellate. Stipules 2; petiole 6-12 mm; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, 10-13(-18) × 3-5 cm, papery, midvein raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 12-15 pairs, conspicuously raised abaxially, curved, joined at leaf margin; tertiary veins subparallel, not reticulate, base cuneate, margin narrowly cartilaginous, slightly involute, apex acuminate. Plant dioecious. Male flowers in 6-8- or more flowered, cymes; cymes 2 or 3, axillary, very short; peduncles ca. 2 mm, robust; pedicels 1-2 mm; sepals 4, suborbicular, subequal, membranous on margin; outer 2: thicker, fleshy; inner 2: thinner; petals yellowish, obovate, subequal, slightly smaller than sepals; stamen fascicles 4, filaments in each completely united, forming annular mass around pistillode, each fascicle with 50-60 anthers, 2-celled, cells longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode obovoid; stigma peltate, irregularly lobed on margin. Female flowers di- or trichotomous cymes, axillary; peduncle very short, 3-4 mm, with persistent basal bracts; pedicels 1.5-2 cm, sulcate; filaments of staminodes united into 1 whorl and enveloping pistil; anthers 20-25; ovary 6-8 mm, 1-loculed, dilated at middle; stigma peltate, 4-lobed, not papillate. Mature fruit yellowish, globose, ellipsoid or ovoid, 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2(-2.5) cm, smooth, 1- or 2-seeded; stigma sometimes oblique. Seeds 1 or 2. Fl. Dec-Feb, fr. Aug-Sep.
怒江藤黃生長環境
生長於海拔(800-)1100-1700米山坡或溝谷的密林中。
怒江藤黃分布範圍
怒江藤黃植物鑑別
本種近Garcinia stipulata T. Anders.,但葉脈多,不成網狀,花雙生而不同。