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托木爾黃耆

中文學名:托木爾黃耆

拉丁學名:Astragalus

dsharkenticu

界:植物界

門:被子植物門

綱:雙子葉植物綱

亞 綱:原始花被亞綱

目:豆目

亞 目:薔薇亞目

科:豆科

亞 科:蝶形花亞科

族:山羊豆族

屬:黃芪屬

亞 屬:裂萼亞屬

種:托木爾黃耆

托木爾黃耆(tuō mù ěr huáng qí,學名:Astragalus dsharkenticus)是豆科黃芪屬的植物。分布在中亞以及中國大陸的新疆等地,生長於海拔1,800米的地區,多生長在山坡草地。 [1]

目錄

托木爾黃耆形態特徵

多年生草本。 根木質化, 粗壯彎曲。 根頸生多數蔓狀的細莖,長13-40厘米,具伏貼的絨毛,淡綠色。

羽狀複葉有7-11片小葉,長4-7厘米;葉柄較葉軸短,淡綠色或灰白色;托葉基部合生,上部狹三角狀鑽形,長1-2毫米,具黑、白混生毛;小葉通常披針形,稀長圓形,長10-20毫米,寬3-4毫米,銳尖,兩面被白色伏貼毛。

總狀花序生4-10花,排列緊密,近傘房狀;花序軸和花梗被黑色毛;總花梗長5-15厘米,被白色伏貼毛,淡綠色;苞片披針形,長1-2毫米,近膜質,疏被黑、白混生毛;

花萼管狀,長10-12毫米,被黑色或白色半伏貼毛,萼齒絲狀,長為筒部的1/4或1/5;

花冠淡黃色,旗瓣長17-22毫米,倒卵形,先端微凹,中部縊縮,下部收狹成瓣柄,翼瓣長16-20毫米,瓣片線狀長圓形,先端偏斜,2淺裂,較瓣柄稍長,龍骨瓣較翼瓣短,瓣片半長圓形,較瓣柄稍短;子房無柄。

莢果長20-30毫米,寬2-3毫米,呈弧狀,被黑色或黑白混生、半開展、有時旋卷的白色毛,有短尖頭,腹縫線龍骨狀凸起,背縫線微具溝槽,假2室,每室含種子多顆。

花期5-6月,果熟期6-7月。 [2]

Astragalus dsharkenticus Popov in Not. Syst. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR 10: 11. 1947; Gamaiun. et Fisjun in Pavl. Φπ. Казахст. 5: 249. t. 33 (1). 1961; S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (1): 62. 1983.

Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis S. B. Ho.

Plants subshrubby, 12-20 cm tall, with appressed ± medi-fixed hairs 0.5-1 mm. Stems several, branched at base, old parts lignified, stems of current year 3-10 cm, loosely hairy, some-times glabrescent. Leaves 4-8 cm; stipules 2-3 mm, shortly adnate to petiole, shortly connate behind stem, sparsely black and white hairy or nearly glabrous; petiole 1.2-2.5 cm, like rachis loosely hairy; leaflets in 4-9 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5-20 × 3-4 mm, abaxially loosely hairy, adaxially sparsely hairy, apex rounded to subacute. Racemes short, densely 5-10-flow-ered; peduncle 5-15 cm, sparsely to loosely hairy; bracts 1.5-2 mm, sparsely black and white hairy. Calyx 11-13 mm, loosely covered with subappressed predominantly black hairs, some-times on ventral side with predominantly white and on dorsal side with predominantly black hairs; teeth 2-2.5 mm. Petals pale yellow; standard obovate, 20-22 × 7-8 mm, apex deeply emarginate, slightly constricted below middle; wings 16-19 mm, limbs oblong, apex obliquely and deeply emarginate; keel 13-17 mm. Legumes with a stipe ca. 2 mm, erect to spreading, linear, slightly to distinctly upcurved to nearly semicircular, 25-30 mm, 3-3.5 mm high and wide, with a straight beak ca. 1 mm, 2-locular; valves densely covered with ascending to spreading, strongly asymmetrically bifurcate, white hairs up to 1.2 mm and with mostly distinctly shorter and more sym-metrically bifurcate black hairs.

Steppes; ca. 1800 m. NW Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan].

Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis is said to differ from the typical variety mainly by its 6-13 (instead of 4-9) pairs of leaflets.Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis is said to differ from the typical variety mainly by its 6-13 (instead of 4-9) pairs of leaflets.

托木爾黃耆生長環境

生長於海拔1890米以上的山坡草地。[3]

托木爾黃耆分布範圍

主要產於新疆西部(阿克蘇昭蘇)。中亞地區也有分布。 [4]托木爾黃耆  .中國植物物種信息數據庫[引用日期2012-12-22]

托木爾黃耆主要價值

為當地優良牧草。

托木爾黃耆變種

鞏留黃耆(植物研究) 圖版79:9-14

var. gongliuensis S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (1): 63. f. 16. 1983.

木變種與原變種不同之點在於:羽狀複葉有13-27片小葉;小葉長圓形或狹橢圓形,先端鈍圓或急尖,上面無毛或僅邊緣被稀疏的毛,綠色。

新疆鞏留特克斯昭蘇)。生於海拔1 000米左右的沙荒地上。模式標本采自鞏留縣莫合林場。

為當地優良牧草之一。

參考來源

  1. 托木爾黃耆, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 《中國植物志》 第42(1)卷 (1993) >> 308頁 PDF >> 托木爾黃耆 Astragalus dsharkenticus
  3. 托木爾黃耆(原變種)  .中國植物物種信息數據庫[引用日期2014-04-17]