木里堇菜
木里堇菜 |
中文名:木里堇菜 门中文名:被子植物门 门英文名:Angiospermae 纲中文名:双子叶植物纲 科:堇菜科, 属:堇菜属 |
木里堇菜(mù lǐ jǐn cài),学名 Viola muliensis Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang,双子叶植物纲,堇菜科,堇菜属草本植物,多年生草本,对28厘米高,缺乏的匍匐茎。 垂直的根茎,在3厘米,密被有节,具多数暗褐色的须根。 直径的茎1-5,0.5-1毫米, 无毛,极少1或2 分开。 叶宽卵形的或三角形,极少圆形, 1.5-4.5 * 2-8 厘米,两面,纸质绿色和无毛,基部截形至宽宽楔形,很少宽心形,3鸟足状深裂达3-5毫米在基部;中间部的菱形的或线形, 基部楔形或狭楔形,先端渐尖,不裂,边缘2或3具牙齿的在上半部分,有时2或3裂达6-7毫米自基部,裂片稀疏的2或3锐裂;产于海拔约2500米,四川西南部木里(Muli)。
目录
生态特征
多年生草本,对28厘米高,缺乏的匍匐茎。 垂直的根茎,在3厘米,密被有节,具多数暗褐色的须根。 直径的茎1-5,0.5-1毫米, 无毛,极少1或2 分开。 叶宽卵形的或三角形,极少圆形, 1.5-4.5 * 2-8 厘米,两面,纸质绿色和无毛;
基部截形至宽宽楔形,很少宽心形,3鸟足状深裂达3-5毫米在基部;中间部的菱形的或线形, 基部楔形或狭楔形,先端渐尖,不裂,边缘2或3具牙齿的在上半部分,有时2或3裂达6-7毫米自基部,裂片稀疏的2或3锐裂;
侧间壁很少不裂,边缘2或3具牙齿,很少全缘的,通常不相等2或3裂,具小裂片2或3的裂片的。基生叶1-4,有时枯萎,具长叶柄; 叶柄2.5-14厘米,无毛。 向上的更除了叶柄短和叶片类似于基生的小的茎生叶。
托叶2,叶状,钻形或者线, 4-22 * 0.5-3 毫米,离生,,边缘全缘,很少基于1-具小齿。 花腋生,变黄,直径约1.5厘米;花梗2-4.5厘米,细长,无毛,近先端具2小苞片; 小苞片丝状,非常小。
萼片绿色,狭线形, 3-5 * 长约0.5毫米,无毛,边缘全缘,先端渐尖; 附属物非常短,无毛。 花瓣无毛; 匙形上部的长圆形,8-10毫米,3-4毫米宽的在上半部分,先端圆形;
长圆形匙形的侧生的,10-12毫米,2.5-3.5毫米宽在上半部分,先端圆形,在喉具2-4黑色条纹; 宽长圆形匙形的下部花瓣,5-7毫米,2.5-3毫米宽在上半部分,先端钝的或骤尖的,在密被黑色具条纹喉,具短距;
长约,距黄毫米子房卵形体; 短棍棒状的花柱,基部膝曲,1-1.5毫米; 柱头头状,厚,稍2裂,无毛。 蒴果卵球形的或球状的,无毛,长约4.5毫米,直径约2.5毫米。种子卵球形 0.8 * 1.5 毫米。花期7 月,果期9 月。
Herbs perennial, to 28 cm high, lacking stolons. Rootstock vertical, to 3 cm, densely articulate, with numerous dark brown fibrous roots. Stems 1-5, 0.5-1 mm in diam., glabrous, very rarely 1- or 2-branched.
Leaves broadly ovate or triangular, very rarely orbicular, 1.5-4.5 × 2-8 cm, papery, both surfaces green and glabrous, base truncate to widely cuneate, rarely widely cordate, 3-pedatipartite to 3-5 mm from base; middle partition rhombic or broadly linear, base cuneate or narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate, undivided, margin 2- or 3-dentate in upper part, sometimes 2- or 3-fid to 6-7 mm from base, lobes laxly 2- or 3-incised-lobulate; lateral partitions rarely undivided, margin 2- or 3-dentate, rarely entire, often unequally 2- or 3-fid, lobes 2- or 3-lobulate.
Basal leaves 1-4, sometimes withered, long petiolate; petioles 2.5-14 cm, glabrous. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones but petioles shorter and blades smaller upward. Stipules 2, leaflike, subulate or linear, 4-22 × 0.5-3 mm, free, glabrous, margin entire, rarely base 1-denticulate. Flowers axillary, yellow, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; pedicels 2-4.5 cm, slender, glabrous, near apex 2-bracteolate; bracteoles filiform, very small. Sepals green, narrowly linear, 3-5 × ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; appendages very short, glabrous.
Petals glabrous; upper ones oblong-spatulate, 8-10 mm, 3-4 mm wide in upper part, apex rounded; lateral ones oblong-spatulate, 10-12 mm, 2.5-3.5 mm wide in upper part, apex rounded, at throat with 2-4 black striae; lower petal broadly oblong-spatulate, 5-7 mm, 2.5-3 mm wide in upper part, apex obtuse or cuspidate, at throat densely black striate, shortly spurred; spur yellow, ca. 0.5 mm.
Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style shortly clavate, base geniculate, 1-1.5 mm; stigma capitate, thick, slightly 2-lobed, glabrous. Capsule ovoid or globose, glabrous, ca. 4.5 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Seeds ovoid, ca. 0.8 × 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep.
产地生境
● Forest margins, moss-covered rock crevices; ca. 2500 m. SW Sichuan (Muli). ● 林缘,长满苔藓的岩石裂缝; 海拔约2500米,四川西南部木里(Muli)。
This is a very rare and critically endangered species. 这一稀有和严重濒危物种。