獨龍柃
獨龍柃,為山茶科、柃木屬灌木,高2-9米擴嫩枝圓柱形,黃褐色,初時被短柔毛,迅即脫落變無毛;頂芽披針形,漸尖,長6-11毫米,被短柔毛。生於海拔2 000—2 400米的林下或林緣。分布貢山縣獨龍江流域(模式產地);西藏東南部也有。 [1]
獨龍柃 |
中文學名:獨龍柃 拉丁學名:Eurya taronensis Hu in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 別 稱:達侖柃 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae 目:側膜胎座目Parietales 亞 目:山茶亞目Theineae 科:山茶科Theaceae 亞 科:厚皮香亞科Ternstroemoideae 族:楊桐族Trib. Adinandreae 屬:柃木屬Eurya 亞 屬:柃亞屬Subgen. Eurya 種:獨龍柃 |
目錄
獨龍柃形態特徵
獨龍柃,灌木或小喬木,高2—9米;幼枝圓柱形,被短柔毛,一年生枝變無毛;頂芽被短柔毛。
葉革質,長圓形至長圓狀橢圓形,長2—8.5厘米,寬1.7—3厘米,先端漸尖或長漸尖,基部闊楔形或近圓形,邊緣具細鋸齒,葉面深綠色,無光澤,背面淡綠色,疏生短柔毛,中、側脈在葉面凹陷,背面突起,側脈14—20對,網脈兩面不顯;葉柄長1.5—2毫米,被短柔毛。
花1—2朵腋生,花梗長1.5—2毫米,被短柔毛;雄花:小苞片2,卵圓形,長約1毫米;萼片革質,近圓形,長約2毫米,頂端圓,干後褐色,外面被短柔毛,邊緣具睫毛,無腺體;花瓣闊卵形,長約3毫米;雄蕊約15枚,花葯不具分格;退化子房無毛;雌花較小,小苞片和萼片與雄花同,稍小;花瓣長圓狀卵形,長約2.5毫米;子房圓球形,3室,無毛。
果近圓球形,徑約5毫米,成熟時紫黑色,宿存花柱長約1毫米,3深裂達基部。花期10—12月,果期次年6—8月。
Shrubs or trees, 2-9 m tall. Current year branchlets terete, pubescent when young, soon glabrescent; terminal buds 6-11 mm, pubescent. Petiole 1.5-2 mm, pubescent; leaf blade oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2-8.5 × 1.7-3 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green and sparsely pubescent but more densely so along midvein, adaxially dark green and glabrous, midvein abaxially elevated and adaxially impressed, secondary veins 14-20 on each side of midvein, abaxially raised, and adaxially impressed, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Flowers axillary, solitary or paired. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm, pubescent. Male flowers: bracteoles ovate, ca. l mm; sepals brown when dry, suborbicular, ca. 2 mm, leathery, outside pubescent, margin ciliolate, apex rounded; petals ovate-orbicular to subobovate, ca. 3 mm; stamens ca. 15; anthers not locellate; pistillode glabrous. Female flowers: bracteoles and sepals similar to those of male flowers but smaller; petals oblong-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm; ovary glabrous, 3-loculed; style ca. 1 mm, 3-parted to base. Fruit purplish black when mature, subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Jun-Aug.
獨龍柃生長環境
主要生長於海拔2 000—2 400米的林下或林緣。