短柄烏蘞莓

短柄烏蘞莓
原圖鏈接來自植物標本館

中文名:短柄烏蘞莓界:植物界門:被子植物門綱:木蘭綱目:鼠李目科:葡萄科

短柄烏蘞莓(duǎn bǐng wū liǎn méi，學名 Cayratia cardiospermoides (Planch.) Gagnep.，異名：Ampelopsis cardiospermoides 草質藤本。小枝圓柱形，有縱棱紋，嫩時疏生短柔毛，以後脫落無毛。花序為復二歧聚傘花序；花序疏生乳突狀毛；花蕾近圓形；花瓣外面被乳突狀毛。果實近球形，有種子2-3顆；種子倒卵圓形，頂端圓形或微凹，基部有短喙。主要分布在四川、雲南。 ^[1]

短柄烏蘞莓形態特徵

卷鬚不分枝，相隔2節間斷與葉對生。

葉為鳥足狀3-5-7-9小葉，小葉不裂或3深裂，裂片或小葉條狀披針形、倒卵長橢圓形或橢圓形，中央小葉長3-8厘米，寬0.5-4厘米，頂端漸尖、急尖或鈍，基部楔形，側生小葉長1-5厘米，寬0.5-3厘米，頂端鈍或圓形，基部闊楔形，邊緣每側有4-9個圓鋸齒，上面綠色，無毛，下面淺綠色，脈上被短柔毛，以後脫落幾無毛；

原圖鏈接來自植物標本館

側脈4-7對，網脈不明顯，無毛；葉柄長0.3-1.5厘米，中央小葉柄長0.5-2厘米，側生小葉總柄長0.3-0.6厘米，側生小葉幾無柄，嫩時被疏柔毛，以後脫落幾無毛；

原圖鏈接來自植物標本館

托葉膜質，褐色，卵形，長1.5-2毫米，寬1-1.5毫米，頂端急尖，無毛。花序為復二歧聚傘花序，腋生；花序梗長1-3毫米，疏生乳突狀毛；花蕾近圓形，高1.5-2毫米，頂端圓形；

萼淺碟形，邊緣波狀或小齒狀淺裂，外面被乳突狀毛；花瓣4，卵圓形，高1.3-1.8毫米，外面被乳突狀毛；雄蕊4，花葯卵圓形，長寬近相等；花盤發達，4淺裂；子房下部與花盤合生，花柱短，柱頭不明顯擴大。

果實近球形，直徑0.8-1厘米，有種子2-3顆；種子倒卵圓形，頂端圓形或微凹，基部有短喙，種臍在種子背面中部呈橢圓形，兩側有突出的橫肋，橫肋鈍，上部種脊突出，腹部中棱脊明顯，兩側窪穴呈溝狀，從基部向上微斜展，達種子頂端1/4。

花期7月，果期8-9月。^[2]

分類

Cayratia cardiospermoides (Planch.) Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 348. 1911; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 683. 1933; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 92. 1979 in clavi; 雲南種子植物名錄上冊792. 1984.——Ampelopsis cardiospermoides Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 459. 1887; Franch. Pl. Delav. 140. 1890.——Vitis cardiospermoides Franch. Pl. Delav. 140. 1890 in syn

英文介紹

Ampelopsis cardiospermoides Planchon ex Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 460. 1886.

Vines, herbaceous. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, sparsely pubescent when young, then glabrescent; tendrils unbranched. Leaves pedately 3-9-foliolate; stipules brownish, oval, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5 mm, membranous, glabrous, apex acute; petiole short, 0.3-1.5 cm; central petiolule 0.5-2 cm, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 3-6 mm, lateral leaflets nearly sessile, sparsely pubescent when young, then glabrescent; leaflets undivided or deeply 3-parted, abaxially pubescent on veins, then glabrescent, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous; lobes or leaflets lanceolate, obovate-elliptic, or elliptic; central leaflet 3-8 × 0.5-4 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse; lateral leaflets 1-5 × 0.5-3 cm, base broadly cuneate, margin with 4-9 rounded teeth on each side, apex obtuse or rounded. Compound dichasium axillary; peduncle 1-3 cm, with sparse papillose hairs. Buds suborbicular, 1.5-2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx shallow and saucer-shaped, papillose, margin undulate or slightly dentate. Petals oval, 1.3-1.8 mm, with papillose hairs. Anthers oval, nearly as long as wide. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk. Berry globose, 8-10 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds obovoid, base rostrate, apex rounded or retuse, chalazal knot elliptic at middle on back, upper raphe raised, transverse and obtuse ribs raised, ventral mid-raphe raised, ventral holes groovelike, from base upward to 1/4. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.

● Shrublands, grassy areas of hillsides, meadows; 1600-2100 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.