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石山薯蕷

中文學名:石山薯蕷

界:植物界

門:被子植物門

綱:雙子葉植物綱

目:木蘭目

科:薯蕷科

屬:薯蕷屬

種:石山薯蕷

石山薯蕷(shí shān shǔ yù,學名 Dioscorea menglaensis H. Li)是薯蕷科薯蕷屬下的一個種。 [1]

目錄

石山薯蕷形態特徵

莖左旋,有刺,無毛。掌狀複葉互生,小葉3,葉片綠色,紙質,二面無毛:中小葉寬長圓形至圓形,長8—11厘米,寬7.5—11厘米;

先端鈍圓,有小尖頭,基部近圓形,略下延為長5毫米的柄,中肋背面隆起,側脈5—6對,最下1對由近基部伸至葉尖,弧曲,明顯,其餘的羽狀,網脈較細密;

側小葉斜卵圓形,比中小葉大,長、寬8—11厘米,外側圓形、寬為內側的2倍,先端鈍圓,基出脈4條;總葉柄長5—6厘米,有刺、無毛、具槽。

雄穗狀花序長3—5厘米,具淡褐色柔毛,排列成長20—50厘米的腋生圓錐花序;花密,具短梗;花梗、苞片,小苞片均密被淡褐色柔毛;苞片卵圓形,具尾尖,長1.5毫米,寬2毫米;

小苞片較小,長、寬0.5—1毫米;花被白色,球形;花被裂片外被灰褐色柔毛,有紫色斑點:外輪卵狀披針形、漸尖,長約2毫米,內輪較狹,長圓形,鈍;

能育雄蕊3,花絲極短,花葯近球形,內向,藥隔外凸;不育雄蕊3,錐形,比能育雄蕊長;退化花柱粗厚,先端3淺裂。 花期9月。[2]

分類文獻

Rhizome usually 3--10-branched, to 20 cm, each end enlarged into a globose or ellipsoid tuber ca. 5 cm in diam.; cork yellowish white; transverse section white. Stem twining to left, brown or white puberulent, glabrescent except at nodes, sparsely prickly.

Leaves alternate, palmately 3-foliolate, simple distally on stem; middle leaflet lanceolate or subelliptic, 7--20 × 3--11 cm, pinnately veined, veins white pubescent, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets ovate-elliptic, base obliquely cuneate, apex acute.

Male spike branched, to 20 cm. Male flowers: sessile or subsessile; bract and bracteole broadly triangular-ovate, margin white pubescent abaxially; stamens 3. Capsule straw-colored at maturity, long ellipsoid, 2--3 cm, base slightly cordate, apex rounded; wings ca. 0.8 cm wide. Seeds inserted near apex of capsule; wing pointing toward capsule base. Fl. Sep--Oct, fr. Dec--Feb.

  • Evergreen broad-leaved forests, scrub forests; 900--1500 m. W Yunnan.

This species includes material misidentified as Dioscorea arachidna Prain & Burkill in earlier accounts, including that in FRPS. True D. arachidna though sharing the same distinctive rootstock, differs from D. menglaensis in its much narrower leaflets and lack of prickles, and much more closely resembles members of the D. kamoonensis complex.

辨析

五葉薯蕷(D. pentaphylla Linn.)相近,但本種莖葉無毛,小葉3:中小葉寬長圓形至圓形,長8—11厘米,寬7.5—11厘米,側小葉卵圓形,長寬8—11厘米;花白色,花被裂片外被灰褐色柔毛。

石山薯蕷生長環境

生長於海拔800米的石灰岩山次生林下。[3]

石山薯蕷分布範圍

分布於雲南勐臘(Mengla)、勐侖

參考來源

  1. 石山薯蕷, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 福建省3種新記錄藥用植物_百度文庫 2020年8月4日 (Metapanax delavayi)、石山薯蕷(Dioscorea menglaensis)、短 梗菝葜(Smilax scobinicaulis)等 3 種省級新記錄藥用植物,憑證標本存放於福 建中醫藥大...
  3. FOC >> Vol.24 (2000) >> Dioscoreaceae >> Dioscorea