石山薯蓣
石山薯蓣 |
中文学名:石山薯蓣 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:木兰目 科:薯蓣科 属:薯蓣属 种:石山薯蓣 |
石山薯蓣(shí shān shǔ yù,学名 Dioscorea menglaensis H. Li)是薯蓣科、薯蓣属下的一个种。 [1]
目录
石山薯蓣形态特征
茎左旋,有刺,无毛。掌状复叶互生,小叶3,叶片绿色,纸质,二面无毛:中小叶宽长圆形至圆形,长8—11厘米,宽7.5—11厘米;
先端钝圆,有小尖头,基部近圆形,略下延为长5毫米的柄,中肋背面隆起,侧脉5—6对,最下1对由近基部伸至叶尖,弧曲,明显,其余的羽状,网脉较细密;
侧小叶斜卵圆形,比中小叶大,长、宽8—11厘米,外侧圆形、宽为内侧的2倍,先端钝圆,基出脉4条;总叶柄长5—6厘米,有刺、无毛、具槽。
雄穗状花序长3—5厘米,具淡褐色柔毛,排列成长20—50厘米的腋生圆锥花序;花密,具短梗;花梗、苞片,小苞片均密被淡褐色柔毛;苞片卵圆形,具尾尖,长1.5毫米,宽2毫米;
小苞片较小,长、宽0.5—1毫米;花被白色,球形;花被裂片外被灰褐色柔毛,有紫色斑点:外轮卵状披针形、渐尖,长约2毫米,内轮较狭,长圆形,钝;
能育雄蕊3,花丝极短,花药近球形,内向,药隔外凸;不育雄蕊3,锥形,比能育雄蕊长;退化花柱粗厚,先端3浅裂。 花期9月。[2]
分类文献
Rhizome usually 3--10-branched, to 20 cm, each end enlarged into a globose or ellipsoid tuber ca. 5 cm in diam.; cork yellowish white; transverse section white. Stem twining to left, brown or white puberulent, glabrescent except at nodes, sparsely prickly.
Leaves alternate, palmately 3-foliolate, simple distally on stem; middle leaflet lanceolate or subelliptic, 7--20 × 3--11 cm, pinnately veined, veins white pubescent, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets ovate-elliptic, base obliquely cuneate, apex acute.
Male spike branched, to 20 cm. Male flowers: sessile or subsessile; bract and bracteole broadly triangular-ovate, margin white pubescent abaxially; stamens 3. Capsule straw-colored at maturity, long ellipsoid, 2--3 cm, base slightly cordate, apex rounded; wings ca. 0.8 cm wide. Seeds inserted near apex of capsule; wing pointing toward capsule base. Fl. Sep--Oct, fr. Dec--Feb.
- Evergreen broad-leaved forests, scrub forests; 900--1500 m. W Yunnan.
This species includes material misidentified as Dioscorea arachidna Prain & Burkill in earlier accounts, including that in FRPS. True D. arachidna though sharing the same distinctive rootstock, differs from D. menglaensis in its much narrower leaflets and lack of prickles, and much more closely resembles members of the D. kamoonensis complex.
辨析
与五叶薯蓣(D. pentaphylla Linn.)相近,但本种茎叶无毛,小叶3:中小叶宽长圆形至圆形,长8—11厘米,宽7.5—11厘米,侧小叶卵圆形,长宽8—11厘米;花白色,花被裂片外被灰褐色柔毛。
石山薯蓣生长环境
生长于海拔800米的石灰岩山次生林下。[3]
石山薯蓣分布范围
参考来源
- ↑ 石山薯蓣, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 福建省3种新记录药用植物_百度文库 2020年8月4日 (Metapanax delavayi)、石山薯蓣(Dioscorea menglaensis)、短 梗菝葜(Smilax scobinicaulis)等 3 种省级新记录药用植物,凭证标本存放于福 建中医药大...
- ↑ FOC >> Vol.24 (2000) >> Dioscoreaceae >> Dioscorea