祭祀舞蹈
概述
按照舞蹈功能劃分的舞蹈種類之一。在原始宗教中，人們把與自己氏族有密切聯繫的動物和植物作為自己氏族的族徽或圖騰標誌，把其奉為自己的祖先或保護神，在圖騰崇拜的儀式中，人們用舞蹈頌揚祖先和神明的功績，以求神明的庇祐.例如：《鳳來》、《網罟》是頌揚伏羲發明網罟，教民捕鳥捉獸之功；《充樂》是歌頌女媧教民嫁娶、婚配之績的舞蹈；《扶犁》、《豐年》歌頌神農教民播五穀的功績等等.源於巫術的蜡祭是一種在歲末以舞蹈祈祝來年豐收，酬謝神祇的祭典.蜡祭諸神有八：先嗇（神農氏）；司嗇（后稷）；農（農神）；郵、表、畷（管理農田的官）；貓、虎（神）；坊（堤神）；水（河道神）；百種（百穀神）等等.除此之外，巫術活動中還有「雩祭」、「儺祭」和「祀高」，分別是以舞蹈求雨、驅疫、求子的巫術儀式活動.「雩祭」由巫率眾舞蹈在天旱時求雨，如求雨不至，女巫常遭「曝」和「焚」的懲罰.「儺祭」是一種在每年歲末，戴着面具，由「方相氏」帶領舞蹈在室內驅趕鬼、疫的舞蹈活動.「祀高媒」則是在每年春季舉行的以擇偶、置婚配為目的的歌舞活動.歷代統治階級，為鞏固自己的統治地區，常借宗教儀式愚異人民，標榜自己「真龍天子」的地位.周代整理的六代舞便是祭祖的舞蹈.後代的宮廷「雅樂」也通常用於封建帝王祭祖、祭天、地、山、川之神以及佛、道、儒等宗教活動之中.在少數民族宗教活動中，有代表性的古老宗教舞蹈有「東巴教舞蹈」、「喇嘛教舞蹈」、「薩滿教舞蹈」、「梅山教舞蹈」（師公舞）等.總之，在原始和古老的宗教和巫術儀式中，舞蹈是其重要的不可缺少的組成部分，「以舞通神」是其重要的環節和其重要作用所在，它常使教徒和舞者進入顛狂狀態，也使舞蹈藝術得到了不斷地發展.
Dance and functional in accordance with one of the dance categories. Ritual dance originated in the primitive totem worship dance and voodoo ritual dance. In the original religion, people have close ties with their clan animals and plants as its emblem of a clan or tribe totem signs, enshrined its own ancestors or the protection of God, in the totem worship ceremony, people dance, praise the merits of ancestors and gods in order to the blessing of the gods. For example: "phoenix", "Reticulum" is a celebration Fu Xi invented Reticulum, Christians bird to catch the beasts power; "charge Music" is the praise of Nu Wa Christian wedding, the Heritage mating dance; "Fuli", "Harvest," Shen Nong's Christians praise the merits of grains such as broadcast and so on. from the wax voodoo festival is a kind of dance, pray for the coming year at the end of the year in order to harvest, the festival gods reward. wax festival gods are eight: first Sik (Shennong); Division Sik (Hou Ji); agriculture ( Agricultural God); Post, tables, Zhui (management of farmland officer); cat, tiger (God); Square (dike God); water (river god); 100 kinds of (100 Ceres) and so on. In addition, witchcraft activities, there is "yu Festival", "Exorcising Festival" and "worship high", respectively, based on the rain dance, drive epidemics, Child-giving ceremony of witchcraft activities. "yu Festival" by Wu mobilize people dancing in the days When dry the rain, such as the rain, until they witches were often "expose" and "burning" punishment. "Nuo Ji" is a in the annual end of the year, wearing a mask, by the "band's clan" led the dance in the indoor expulsion of ghosts, Phytophthora dance activities. "worship the high media" is held in the spring of each year to mate, home for the purpose of mating dance festivals. dynasties ruling class, in order to consolidate his rule areas, often by different people in religious ignorance, advertised himself as "true sons of the dragon" status. Zhou finishing the sixth-generation ancestor worship dance is the dance. descendants of the court "Elegant Music" is also commonly used in the feudal emperor worship, Heaven, earth, mountain, River God as well as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and other religious activities. in minority religious activities, representative of an ancient religious dance, the "Dongba Dance", "Lamaism Dance", "Shamanism Dance", "Meishan teach dance" ( division of public dance), etc.. In short, the original and ancient religion and magic rituals, dance is its importance can not be an integral part of the "Dance speaks" are an important link and its important role in the host, it often makes Christians and dancers into the willow state, also the art of dance has been constantly evolving.
守護
在祭祀開始時，就要有專門的護衛來守護它，防止遭到破壞。如圖1。[1]