纖莖堇菜
纖莖堇菜 |
中文學名:纖莖堇菜 拉丁學名:Viola tenuissima Chang 二名法:Viola tenuissima 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:堇菜科 屬:堇菜屬 亞 屬:二裂花柱亞屬 組:長距堇菜組 |
纖莖堇菜(學名:Viola tenuissima Chang)為堇菜科堇菜屬的植物,為中國的特有植物。分布在中國大陸的雲南、四川等地,生長於海拔2,900米至3,700米的地區,一般生長在山地林下及陰濕處岩縫中。 [1]
目錄
纖莖堇菜形態特徵
多年生小草本、高5-7厘米。根狀莖短,密被少數鱗片;莖纖細,絲狀,無毛,干後稍變綠色。
基生葉通常1枚,具長柄;莖生葉葉片心形,長、寬1-1.5厘米,先端具短的或不明顯的漸尖,基部深心形,兩側耳狀垂片圓形並常互相重疊,邊緣疏生粗鋸齒,兩面散生白色短柔毛或近無毛,上面綠色,下面帶蒼白色;葉柄長而纖細,線形,長達5厘米;托葉狹卵形,長2-2.5毫米,邊緣近全緣有時疏生不明顯的鋸齒。
花黃色,單生上部葉腋,具纖細的花梗;花梗線狀,長2-3.5厘米,中部以上有2枚小形、條狀小苞片;萼片極窄,條形,長約5毫米,寬0.6-1毫米,基部附屬物極短呈截形,邊緣狹膜質,無毛;
上方花瓣長圓形;長約1厘米,寬約3毫米,側方花瓣無鬚毛,較上方花瓣稍長,下方花瓣長倒卵形,長約1厘米,寬4-7毫米,基部有紫色條紋;距長4-5毫米,粗1-1.5毫米,末端變細且鈍圓;子房無毛,有紅色斑點,花柱長2-2.5毫米,基部膝曲,先端2裂,裂片鈍圓。
蒴果略球形,直徑約4毫米,表面有紅色斑點。 花期6-8月。 [2]
Viola tenuissima Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 234. 1949, sphalm. typogr. tenuisissima.
Herbs perennial, small, 5-7 cm tall. Rhizome short, densely covered with few scales. Stems greenish when dry, filiform, slender, glabrous. Basal leaf usually 1, long petiolate; stipules narrowly ovate, 2-2.5 mm, margin subentire or sometimes remotely and inconspicuously serrate; cauline leaf petiole linear, long, to 5 cm, slender; cauline leaf blade abaxially glaucous, adaxially green, cordate, 1-1.5 × 1-1.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely white puberulous or subglabrous, base deeply cordate, lateral auricular lobes rounded and often overlapping, margin remotely and large serrate, apex shortly or inconspicuously acuminate. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils, yellow; pedicels filiform, 2-3.5 cm, slender, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear, small. Sepals very narrow, linear, ca. 5 × 0.6-1 mm, basal auricles very short, glabrous, margin narrowly membranous, apex truncate. Upper petals oblong, ca. 1 × 0.3 cm, lateral ones not barbate, slightly longer than upper ones, anterior one narrowly obovate, ca. 1 cm × 4-7 mm, base purple striate; spur 3-5 mm, 1-1.5 mm in diam., apex small and obtuse. Ovary glabrous, red punctate; styles 2-2.5 mm, base geniculate, apex 2-lobed, lobes obtuse. Capsule subglobose, ca. 4 mm in diam., red punctate. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
● Mountain forests, rock crevices in shaded and moist places; 2300-3300 m. N Guizhou, W Sichuan.
辨析
本種植株矮小,葉片小,呈心形並疏生粗鋸齒,與四川堇菜 V. szetchwanensis W. Beck. 相似,但距較長極易區別。本種又近似圓葉小堇菜 V. rockiana W. Beck., 但後者葉片圓形,距較短可區別。
纖莖堇菜生長環境
生長於海拔2900-3700米的山地林下或陰濕處岩縫中。