羽裂堇菜
羽裂堇菜 |
中文学名:羽裂堇菜 拉丁学名:Viola forrestiana W. Beck. 别 称:昌都堇菜、门空堇菜 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:侧膜胎座目 亚 目:山茶亚目 科:堇菜科 属:堇菜属 亚 属:堇菜亚属 组:裂叶堇菜组 |
羽裂堇菜(学名:Viola forrestiana)为堇菜科堇菜属的植物,是中国的特有植物。产云南西北部、西藏东南部。生于海拔2200-3700米的山坡草地、溪旁、河边等处。 [1]
目录
羽裂堇菜形态特征
多年生草本,无地上茎,高5-12厘米。根状茎缩短,直立;根细长,光滑,略呈黑色。
叶基生,多数;叶片三角状卵形或狭卵形,长3-5.5厘米,宽2-3.5厘米,先端尖,基部浅心形或有时近截形,稀呈宽楔形,边缘具不整齐的缺刻状圆齿或在中部以下锐裂,裂片长圆形具圆齿,上面被短柔毛,下面无毛;叶柄长2-7厘米,无毛;托叶大部分与叶柄合生,明显,披针形,长约1.5厘米,膜质,微白色。
花紫色或淡紫色;花梗被疏毛,通常高出于叶或与叶近等长,近中部有2枚小苞片;小苞片线状披针形,长5-8毫米;萼片披针形,长约5毫米,基部附属物长约2毫米,先端尖,边缘膜质;
花瓣长圆状倒卵形,上方花瓣长约1.2-1.4厘米,侧方花瓣与上方花瓣近等长,里面近基部处有明显的须毛,下方花瓣基部的距粗大,稍弯曲,长达6毫米,末端增粗,直径可达4毫米;子房无毛,花柱棍棒状,向上略增粗,柱头两侧及后方有狭缘边,中央部分平坦,前方具短而近平伸的短喙。
蒴果圆球形。[2]
Viola forrestiana W. Beck. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 234. 1923; 云南种子植物名录 上册205. 1984; 西藏植物志 3: 293. 1986.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-12 cm tall. Rhizome erect, short; roots blackish, long, slender, smooth. Leaves basal, numerous; stipules mostly adnate to petioles, slightly white, lanceolate, conspicuous, ca. 1.5 cm, membranous; petiole 2-7 cm, glabrous; leaf blade triangular-ovate or narrowly ovate, 3-5.5 × 2-3.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially puberulous, base shallowly cordate or sometimes subtruncate, margin irregularly emarginate-crenate or acutely lobed below middle, lobes oblong and crenate, apex acute. Flowers purple or purplish; pedicels usually exceeding or subequaling leaves, sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, basal auricles ca. 2 mm, margin membranous, apex acute. Petals oblong-obovate, upper ones 1.2-1.4 cm, lateral ones subequaling upper ones, distinctly bearded, spur of anterior petal large, to 6 mm, stout, to 4 mm in diam., slightly curved, apex thickened. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, slightly thickened upward; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, flat in central part, shortly beaked in front, beak subhorizontal. Capsule globose. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
羽裂堇菜生长环境
生长于海拔2200-3700米的山坡草地、溪旁、河边等处。