羽裂堇菜
羽裂堇菜 |
中文學名:羽裂堇菜 拉丁學名:Viola forrestiana W. Beck. 別 稱:昌都堇菜、門空堇菜 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:堇菜科 屬:堇菜屬 亞 屬:堇菜亞屬 組:裂葉堇菜組 |
羽裂堇菜(學名:Viola forrestiana)為堇菜科堇菜屬的植物,是中國的特有植物。產雲南西北部、西藏東南部。生於海拔2200-3700米的山坡草地、溪旁、河邊等處。 [1]
目錄
羽裂堇菜形態特徵
多年生草本,無地上莖,高5-12厘米。根狀莖縮短,直立;根細長,光滑,略呈黑色。
葉基生,多數;葉片三角狀卵形或狹卵形,長3-5.5厘米,寬2-3.5厘米,先端尖,基部淺心形或有時近截形,稀呈寬楔形,邊緣具不整齊的缺刻狀圓齒或在中部以下銳裂,裂片長圓形具圓齒,上面被短柔毛,下面無毛;葉柄長2-7厘米,無毛;托葉大部分與葉柄合生,明顯,披針形,長約1.5厘米,膜質,微白色。
花紫色或淡紫色;花梗被疏毛,通常高出於葉或與葉近等長,近中部有2枚小苞片;小苞片線狀披針形,長5-8毫米;萼片披針形,長約5毫米,基部附屬物長約2毫米,先端尖,邊緣膜質;
花瓣長圓狀倒卵形,上方花瓣長約1.2-1.4厘米,側方花瓣與上方花瓣近等長,裡面近基部處有明顯的鬚毛,下方花瓣基部的距粗大,稍彎曲,長達6毫米,末端增粗,直徑可達4毫米;子房無毛,花柱棍棒狀,向上略增粗,柱頭兩側及後方有狹緣邊,中央部分平坦,前方具短而近平伸的短喙。
蒴果圓球形。[2]
Viola forrestiana W. Beck. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 234. 1923; 雲南種子植物名錄 上冊205. 1984; 西藏植物志 3: 293. 1986.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-12 cm tall. Rhizome erect, short; roots blackish, long, slender, smooth. Leaves basal, numerous; stipules mostly adnate to petioles, slightly white, lanceolate, conspicuous, ca. 1.5 cm, membranous; petiole 2-7 cm, glabrous; leaf blade triangular-ovate or narrowly ovate, 3-5.5 × 2-3.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially puberulous, base shallowly cordate or sometimes subtruncate, margin irregularly emarginate-crenate or acutely lobed below middle, lobes oblong and crenate, apex acute. Flowers purple or purplish; pedicels usually exceeding or subequaling leaves, sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, basal auricles ca. 2 mm, margin membranous, apex acute. Petals oblong-obovate, upper ones 1.2-1.4 cm, lateral ones subequaling upper ones, distinctly bearded, spur of anterior petal large, to 6 mm, stout, to 4 mm in diam., slightly curved, apex thickened. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, slightly thickened upward; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, flat in central part, shortly beaked in front, beak subhorizontal. Capsule globose. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
羽裂堇菜生長環境
生長於海拔2200-3700米的山坡草地、溪旁、河邊等處。