药囊花
药囊花 |
中文学名:药囊花 拉丁学名:Cyphotheca montana Diels 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:桃金娘目 科:野牡丹科 亚 科:野牡丹亚科 族:尖子木族 属:药囊花属 |
药囊花(学名:Cyphotheca)是野牡丹科药囊花属下的一个种,为高达2米的灌木植物,分布于中国西南部,花期5月,果期10月。药囊花属仅有药囊花一物种。[1]
目录
药囊花形态特征
灌木,高达2米。茎:茎钝四棱形,具粗糙薄栓皮。枝:小枝四棱形,密被糠秕状微柔毛及星状毛,具深槽。
叶:叶对生,卵形、卵状长圆形、卵状披针形或椭圆形,先端短渐尖或近急尖,基部楔形或宽楔形,长5-12(-17)厘米,具疏细锯齿,齿具刺毛状尖头,基出脉5,侧脉多数,下行细脉网状,叶柄长1-5厘米。 花:聚伞花序或退化成假伞形花序,或伞房花序,顶生或生于分枝顶端,长约5厘米;苞片小,三角形。
花梗长2-6毫米;花萼漏斗状钟形,长约8毫米,成钝四棱形,外面被微柔毛,萼片浅半圆形,脊上具三角形翅;花瓣白或粉红色,宽倒卵形,常偏斜,长约6毫米;雄蕊4长4短,花药顶孔开裂,长者伸出花冠,长约1.4厘米,短者内藏,长约8毫米,花药成曲膝状,药隔膨大,弯曲,长约5毫米;子房坛状,4室,半下位,顶端具冠,冠边缘具细啮蚀状齿;花柱微弯,顶部伸出,下部疏被微柔毛。
茎四棱形,具槽。单叶,对生,边缘具细锯齿,具叶 药囊花 柄。聚伞花 序或退化成假伞形花序或伞房花序,顶生,苞片小,花序、花梗及苞片外面常被星状毛; 花4数,花萼漏斗状钟形,成钝四棱形,具8条脉;萼片浅半圆形,脊上具三角形的翅; 花瓣白色至粉红色,广卵形,顶端钝及偏斜;雄蕊8,4长4短,短者通常内藏,药隔基 部不膨大,中部通常膨大,弯曲,长者具短喙,药隔后方微隆起,顶孔开裂;子房坛状, 4室,下位,顶端具冠。
蒴果4纵裂,为宿存萼片所包;宿存萼与果同形,顶端平截,具8条脉,果后期上半部脱落,脉突出成8齿。
Cyphotheca montana Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 65: 103. 1932; H. L. Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 25: 11. 1944; 云南植物志2: 100. 图版26, 1-3. 1979.
Shrubs 0.8-2 m tall. Stems obtusely 4-sided, scabrous; branchlets 4-sided, densely furfuraceous puberulous and with stellate trichomes. Petiole 1-5 cm, with dense stellate trichomes; leaf blade ovate, ovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic, 5-12(-17) × 2-5.5(-7) cm, papery, abaxially with stellate trichomes only on veins, adaxially with dense stellate trichomes when young, secondary veins 2 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin remotely serrulate with each tooth having a terminal seta, apex shortly acuminate or nearly acute. Inflorescences terminal, cymose or corymbose, ca. 5 cm, with dense stellate trichomes. Pedicel 2-6 mm, with dense stellate trichomes; bracteoles triangular, with dense stellate trichomes. Hypanthium funnelform-campanulate, ca. 8 mm, obtusely 4-sided, puberulous. Calyx lobes orbicular, winged on ridges. Petals white to pink, broadly obovate to obliquely broadly obovate, ca. 6 mm, oblique, glabrous, apex obtuse. Longer stamens ca. 1.4 cm; anthers lanceolate, ca. 9 mm, curved, shortly beaked. Shorter anthers ca. 8 mm; anthers geniculate, ca. 5 mm. Ovary urceolate, 4-celled, limb erose. Style basally sparsely puberulous. Pedicel 1.3-1.5 cm in fruit. Capsule urceolate, ca. 8 × 8 mm, 4-longitudinally dehiscent; hypanthium obtusely 4-sided, 8-veined. Fl. ca. May, fr. Oct.
药囊花生长环境
生于常绿阔叶林、疏林中、灌丛中、竹林下路旁或溪边。海拔1000—2400米。
药囊花分布范围
药囊花模式标本
采自云南元阳逢春岭。
药囊花分类介绍
本种J. F. Maxwell并入尖子木属(Oxyspora DC.), 改名为O. montana (Diels) Maxw. [in Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (2) : 217. 1982], 看来不太恰当,故未更动。