褐背柳
褐背柳 |
中文名:褐背柳 学 名:Salix daltoniana 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:杨柳目 科:杨柳科 属:柳属 种:褐背柳 分布区域:中国西藏, |
褐背柳(hè bèi liǔ, 学名:Salix daltoniana),是双子叶植物纲、杨柳科、柳属的植物。分布于印度、不丹、锡金、尼泊尔以及中国大陆的西藏等地,生长于海拔3,000米至4,400米的地区,常生于山坡灌丛中,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。 [1]
目录
褐背柳形态特征
褐背柳 灌木或小乔木。幼枝被疏柔毛;小枝黑紫色。芽卵形,较叶柄短,黑紫色,有时有白粉。
叶披针形、长圆形或椭圆形,长4.5-9厘米,宽1.5-2.5厘米,先端急尖,基部楔形至圆形,上面暗绿色,叶脉明显,侧脉11-14(8)对,无毛或仅脉上有短柔毛,幼叶散生柔毛,下面密被伏生的铅灰色绢毛,闪闪发光,叶脉不明显,多全缘,少有极不明显的细腺锯齿。
花序有花序梗,梗上着生2-5小叶,花与叶同时开放;雄花序长3.5-6厘米,粗8-10毫米;雄蕊2,花药长圆形,黄色,花丝长4-5.5毫米,中下部有柔毛;
苞片匙状长圆形,先端钝或近截形,全缘或有圆齿或2裂,黄褐色,外面有柔毛和长柔毛,内面无毛;
腺体2,圆柱形;雌花序长4-6(7)厘米,粗5-6毫米,果序可达10厘米以上;子房卵形,密被柔毛,花柱约与子房等长,2深裂,柱头2裂,紫红色;
苞片同雄花;腺体1,腹生,为苞片长的1/3-1/2。[2]
蒴果卵状圆锥形,渐狭,有毛或毛脱落,无柄或有短柄。花期5月下旬-6月上旬,果期7月。
Salix daltoniana Anderss. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 4: 49. 1859; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 632. 1888; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 115. 1916; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 93. 1936, excl. pl. Yunnan et Sichuan;西藏植物名录, 45. 1980.
Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets blackish purple, sparsely downy when young. Buds ovoid, shorter than petiole, rarely pruinose. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 4.5-9 × 1.5-2.5 cm, abaxially densely lead gray sericeous, shiny, adaxially dull green, glabrous or pubescent along veins, when young sparsely downy, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire, rarely indistinctly glandular serrulate, apex acute; lateral veins 11-14(-16) each side of adaxially conspicuous midvein; veins indistinct abaxially. Flowering coetaneous. Male catkin cylindric, 3.5-6 × 0.8-1 cm; peduncle with 2-5 leaflets; bracts yellowish brown, spatulate-oblong, abaxially downy and villous, adaxially glabrous, margin entire, crenate, or 2-cleft, apex obtuse or subtruncate. Male flower: stamens 4-5.5 mm, basally downy; anthers yellow, oblong. Female catkin 4-6(-7) cm × 5-6 mm, more than 10 cm in fruit; bracts as in male catkin. Female flower: gland adaxial, 1/3-1/2 as long as bracts; ovary ovoid, densely downy; style ca. as long as ovary, 2-lobed; stigma purplish red, 2-cleft. Capsule ovoid-conical, pilose or glabrescent, attenuate, sessile or shortly stipitate. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul. 2n = 38.
褐背柳生长环境
生长于海拔3000-4400米的山坡灌丛中。