褐背柳
褐背柳 |
中文名:褐背柳 學 名:Salix daltoniana 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:楊柳目 科:楊柳科 屬:柳屬 種:褐背柳 分布區域:中國西藏, |
褐背柳(hè bèi liǔ, 學名:Salix daltoniana),是雙子葉植物綱、楊柳科、柳屬的植物。分布於印度、不丹、錫金、尼泊爾以及中國大陸的西藏等地,生長於海拔3,000米至4,400米的地區,常生于山坡灌叢中,目前尚未由人工引種栽培。 [1]
目錄
褐背柳形態特徵
褐背柳 灌木或小喬木。幼枝被疏柔毛;小枝黑紫色。芽卵形,較葉柄短,黑紫色,有時有白粉。
葉披針形、長圓形或橢圓形,長4.5-9厘米,寬1.5-2.5厘米,先端急尖,基部楔形至圓形,上面暗綠色,葉脈明顯,側脈11-14(8)對,無毛或僅脈上有短柔毛,幼葉散生柔毛,下面密被伏生的鉛灰色絹毛,閃閃發光,葉脈不明顯,多全緣,少有極不明顯的細腺鋸齒。
花序有花序梗,梗上着生2-5小葉,花與葉同時開放;雄花序長3.5-6厘米,粗8-10毫米;雄蕊2,花葯長圓形,黃色,花絲長4-5.5毫米,中下部有柔毛;
苞片匙狀長圓形,先端鈍或近截形,全緣或有圓齒或2裂,黃褐色,外面有柔毛和長柔毛,內面無毛;
腺體2,圓柱形;雌花序長4-6(7)厘米,粗5-6毫米,果序可達10厘米以上;子房卵形,密被柔毛,花柱約與子房等長,2深裂,柱頭2裂,紫紅色;
苞片同雄花;腺體1,腹生,為苞片長的1/3-1/2。[2]
蒴果卵狀圓錐形,漸狹,有毛或毛脫落,無柄或有短柄。花期5月下旬-6月上旬,果期7月。
Salix daltoniana Anderss. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 4: 49. 1859; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 632. 1888; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 115. 1916; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 93. 1936, excl. pl. Yunnan et Sichuan;西藏植物名錄, 45. 1980.
Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets blackish purple, sparsely downy when young. Buds ovoid, shorter than petiole, rarely pruinose. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 4.5-9 × 1.5-2.5 cm, abaxially densely lead gray sericeous, shiny, adaxially dull green, glabrous or pubescent along veins, when young sparsely downy, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire, rarely indistinctly glandular serrulate, apex acute; lateral veins 11-14(-16) each side of adaxially conspicuous midvein; veins indistinct abaxially. Flowering coetaneous. Male catkin cylindric, 3.5-6 × 0.8-1 cm; peduncle with 2-5 leaflets; bracts yellowish brown, spatulate-oblong, abaxially downy and villous, adaxially glabrous, margin entire, crenate, or 2-cleft, apex obtuse or subtruncate. Male flower: stamens 4-5.5 mm, basally downy; anthers yellow, oblong. Female catkin 4-6(-7) cm × 5-6 mm, more than 10 cm in fruit; bracts as in male catkin. Female flower: gland adaxial, 1/3-1/2 as long as bracts; ovary ovoid, densely downy; style ca. as long as ovary, 2-lobed; stigma purplish red, 2-cleft. Capsule ovoid-conical, pilose or glabrescent, attenuate, sessile or shortly stipitate. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul. 2n = 38.
褐背柳生長環境
生長於海拔3000-4400米的山坡灌叢中。