西山堇菜
西山堇菜 |
中文名:西山堇菜 拉丁學名:Viola hancockii W. Reck. 二名法:Viola hancockii 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:堇菜科 屬:堇菜屬 亞 屬:堇菜亞屬 組:合生托葉組 |
西山堇菜(xī shān jǐn cài),學名:Viola hancockii W. Reck.,異名:Viola hancockii var. subbarbata Viola hancockii var. fangshanensis,為堇菜科堇菜屬的植物,為中國的特有植物。產河北、山東(泰山)。生於陰坡闊葉林林下、林緣、山村附近水溝邊。 [1]
目錄
西山堇菜形態特徵
西山堇菜是多年生草本,無地上莖,高10-15厘米。根狀莖粗壯,長1.5-2厘米,粗4-6毫米,節密生。根粗而長,深褐色,常有分枝,長者可達13厘米,生多數分枝的鬚根。
葉多數,基生;葉片卵狀心形,長2-6厘米,寬2-4厘米,先端急尖有時鈍,基部深心形,彎缺狹或稍開展,邊緣具整齊鈍鋸齒,上面散生短柔毛,下面基部疏生短柔毛或近無毛,葉脈明顯隆起;
葉柄狹細,無翅,與葉片等長或稍長,疏生柔毛或無毛;托葉外部者膜質,白色,長1-1.3厘米,寬約4毫米,內部者3/4與葉柄合生,離生部分寬披針形或披針形,邊緣疏生短齒。
西山堇菜 花近白色,大形,長達2厘米;花梗通常不高出於葉,或有時稍高於葉,中部有2枚小苞片,小苞片互生,線形,長8-10毫米,先端漸尖,邊緣疏生細齒;
萼片披針形或寬披針形,長7-8毫米,寬約3毫米,先端尖,基部附屬物短,長約1.5毫米,末端平截,疏生鈍齒;花瓣長圓狀倒卵形,上方花瓣長約1.2厘米,寬約0.8厘米;
側方花瓣長約1.2厘米,寬約1厘米,裡面近基部有鬚毛,下方花瓣連距長1.8-2厘米,距筒狀,長6-8毫米,末端圓,通常向上方彎曲;下方雄蕊的距細,角狀,長4-5毫米;
子房近球形,無毛,花柱基部微膝曲,柱頭頂部平坦,周圍有稍厚的緣邊,前方具短喙,喙端的柱頭孔細。
果實長圓狀,長0.7-1厘米,無毛。花期4-5月。
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 10-15 cm tall. Rhizome 1.5-2 cm, robust, 4-6 mm in diam., densely noded. Roots deep brown, long, robust, often branched, longest to 13 cm, with numerous rootlets.
Leaves numerous, basal; outer stipules white, 1-1.3 cm × ca. 4 mm, membranous, inner ones ca. 3/4 adnate to petiole, free part broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, margin remotely shortly dentate; petiole slender, wingless, equaling or slightly exceeding blades, sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade abaxially pink to pinkish green, adaxially green or conspicuously white punctate-striate along veins, ovate-cordate, 2-6 × 2-4 cm, abaxially sparsely puberulous at base or subglabrous, veins conspicuously raised, adaxially sparsely puberulous, base deeply cordate, sinus narrow or slightly spreading, margin regularly obtusely serrate, apex acute, sometimes obtuse.
Flowers whitish, large, to 2 cm; pedicels usually not or sometimes slightly exceeding leaves, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles alternate, linear, 8-10 mm, margin remotely denticulate, apex acuminate. Sepals lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 7-8 × ca. 3 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, ca. 1.5 mm, remotely obtusely dentate, apex truncate.
Petals oblong-obovate, upper ones ca. 1.2 × 0.8 cm, lateral ones bearded, ca. 1.2 × 1 cm, anterior one 1.8-2 cm (spur included); spur cylindric, 6-8 mm, apex rounded, usually curved upward; spur of anterior stamens angular, 4-5 mm, slender. Ovary subglobose, glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base; stigmas flat at apex, with slightly thick margin, shortly beaked in front, with a small stigma hole at tip. Capsule oblong, 0.7-1 cm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 24*.
分類文獻
Viola hancockii W. Beck. in Kew dull. Misc. Inform. 6: 249. 1928; 汪勁武等, 植物研究8 (2): 131. 1988.
西山堇菜生長環境
生長於陰坡闊葉林林下、林緣、山村附近水溝邊。
西山堇菜分布範圍
產自於我國河北、山東(泰山)。