角黃耆
角黃耆 |
中文名:角黃耆 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae 目:薔薇目 Rosales 亞 目:薔薇亞目 Rosineae 科:豆科 Leguminosae 亞 科:蝶形花亞科 Papilionoideae 族:山羊豆族 TRIB. Galegeae 亞 族:黃耆亞族 SUBTRIB. Astragalinae 屬:黃耆屬 Astragalus 亞 屬:裂萼亞屬 Subgen. Cercidothrix 組:劍葉組 Sect.Xiphidium |
角黃耆(jiǎo huáng qí,學名:Astragalus ceratoides M. Bieb.)多年生草本。莖發達,木質化,稀不發達(但不短於2厘米),常具凋存的葉柄。羽狀複葉常具線形或披針形的小葉;托葉離生。總狀花序生疏鬆排列的花,稀密集成頭狀或傘房狀;無小苞片;花萼長管狀,不膨大;花冠無毛,多色。莢果線形,長圓形,革質,假2室。期5-7月,果期6-8月。生於礫石山坡陽處、草原牧場等地。分布於中國、哈薩克斯坦、西伯利亞及阿爾泰地區。 [1]
目錄
角黃耆形態特徵
多年生草本,高12-30厘米。 莖的地下部分木質化,彎曲,地上部分短縮;當年生枝直立,被灰白色伏貼毛。
羽狀複葉有13-19片小葉;托葉離生,卵狀三角形,漸尖,基部被白色和混生少量黑色的伏貼毛;小葉長圓形或狹披針形,淡綠色,長5-15毫米,寬1-4米,上面近無毛或疏被伏貼毛,下面毛較密。
總狀花序因花序軸短縮,呈頭狀或傘房狀,生6-10花;總花梗長為葉長的1.5倍;苞片卵圓形,被伏貼毛,較花梗短或與其等長;
花萼管狀,長6-9毫米,稀長超過10毫米,被黑色和混生有少量白色伏貼毛,萼齒短,長約為筒部的1/5,鈍,長短不等;
花冠藍紫色,旗瓣長18-24毫米,寬7-10毫米,菱狀長圓形,上部稍狹,先端微凹,翼瓣較旗瓣短,瓣片較瓣柄短,先端有時微凹,龍骨瓣較翼瓣短,瓣柄較瓣片長1.5倍;子房近無柄,被伏貼毛。
莢果線形,平展或向下微彎,假2室,被黑白混生的伏貼毛。 花期5-7月,果期6-8月。 [2]
Astragalus ceratoides Bieb. Fl. Taur. -Cauc. 3: 429. 1819; DC. Prodr. 2: 284. 1825; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 306. 1831; Gontsch. et Popov in Kom. Fl. USSR 12: 693. 1946; Gamaiun. et Fisjun in Pavl. Φπ. Казахст. 5: 256. t. 33 (7). 1961; S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (1): 63. 1983; 中國沙漠植物志 2: 275. 1987. ——A. stenolabus Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 2: 593. 1835.
Astragalus ceratoides var. montanus Ledebour; A. steno-lobus Bunge.
Plants 12-40 cm tall, vegetative parts with ± medifixed, appressed, mostly white hairs 0.5-0.8 mm. Stems mostly sev-eral to many, erect or ascending at base, loosely hairy. Leaves 3-6 cm; stipules 2-3 mm, nearly free from petiole, hairy; peti-ole 0.5-1.5 cm, like rachis slender, loosely hairy; leaflets in 5-7(-9) pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5-15 × 1-4 mm, abaxially loosely hairy, adaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy. Racemes subumbel-late to capitate, 5-10-flowered; peduncle 9-20 cm, sparsely hairy; bracts 1.5-2 mm, black hairy, at margins with extremely asymmetrically bifurcate hairs. Calyx 6-7 mm, rather densely covered with predominantly black hairs 0.3-0.5 mm; teeth 1-1.5 mm. Petals purplish lilac; standard obovate, 18-22 × 7-10 mm, apex retuse; wings 16-17 mm; keel 15-16 mm. Legumes sessile, obliquely erect or starlike spreading, linear, 25-35 mm, 2-3 mm high and wide, acuminate; valves densely covered with ± appressed, asymmetrically bifurcate, white hairs up to 0.8 mm and with distinctly shorter black hairs.
Stony mountain slopes, steppes. NW Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Russia (Siberia)].
角黃耆分布範圍
生長於礫石山坡陽處、草原牧場等地。[3]