錫金堇菜
錫金堇菜 |
中文學名:錫金堇菜 拉丁學名:Viola sikkimensis W. Beck. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:堇菜科 屬:堇菜屬 亞 屬:堇菜亞屬 組:匍匐堇菜組 |
錫金堇菜(xī jīn jǐn cài,學名:Viola sikkimensis W. Beck.)為堇菜科堇菜屬的植物。產我國雲南、西藏(墨脫)。生長於海拔1,500米至3,000米的地區,多生于山地林下、溪谷、林緣或河旁。 [1]
目錄
錫金堇菜形態特徵
多年生草本,無地上莖。根狀莖短粗,長2-2.5厘米,粗4-7毫米,節密生,常殘存褐色托葉。匍匐枝長達10餘厘米,節間較長,節處生細根。
葉基生;葉片寬卵形或近圓形,長1.5-5厘米,寬1.5-4厘米,先端鈍,基部深心形,邊緣密生淺而圓的鋸齒,兩面無毛或疏生短毛,上面深綠色,下面灰綠色;葉柄長3-10厘米,無毛;托葉披針形,長1-1.3厘米,褐色,邊緣具長流蘇狀齒。
花白色或淡紫色;花梗長於葉,無毛,中部以上有2枚小苞片;小苞片線形,近對生,邊緣疏生細齒;萼片狹披針形,長5-6毫米,具3脈,無毛,基部附屬物末端圓或疏生牙齒;
花瓣長圓狀倒卵形,長10-12毫米,寬4-4.5毫米,側方花瓣裡面無鬚毛,下方花瓣較短,有紫色脈紋,連距長10-12毫米;距長約2毫米,粗約2.5毫米,稍膨大;下方雄蕊背部具角狀短矩,較花芶稍長,末端鈍;子房圓錐狀,無毛,花柱棍棒狀,向上漸增粗,柱頭頂部平,兩側及後方具較寬展的緣邊,前方具明顯而直伸的短喙。
蒴果卵球形。[2] 花期4-5月,果期5-6月。
Viola sikkimensis W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 260. 1916; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1(3): 241. 259. 1949; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 3rd rep. 213. 1966; 雲南種子植物名錄 上冊 208. 1984. ——V. hookeri Thomson in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 183. 1875, p. p.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome short, 2-2.5 cm, stout, 4-7 mm in diam., densely noded, often with brown remains of stipules. Stolon to more than 10 cm; internodes longer, producing rootlets at nodes. Leaves basal; stipules brown, lanceolate, 1-1.3 cm, margin long fimbriate-dentate; petiole 3-10 cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially deep green and nitid, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1.5-5 × 1.5-4 cm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulous, base deeply cordate, margin densely and shallowly crenate, apex obtuse. Flowers white or purplish; pedicels exceeding leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles subopposite, linear, margin remotely denticulate. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, basal auricles rounded or remotely dentate at apex. Petals oblong-obovate, 1-1.2 cm × 4-4.5 mm, lateral ones glabrous, anterior one purple veined, shorter, 1-1.2 cm (spur included); spur ca. 2 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., slightly enlarged; spur of 2 anterior stamens angular, slightly longer than anthers, apex obtuse. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles clavate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas flat at apices, broadly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked at apex, beak straight. Capsule ovoid-orbicular. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jun.
錫金堇菜生長環境
生長於海拔1500-3000米山地林下、林緣、溪谷或河旁等處。