黃車軸草
黃車軸草 |
中文名:黃車軸草 拉丁學名:Trifolium strepens Crantz 界:植物界 門:被子植物門(Angiospermae) 綱:雙子葉植物綱(Magnoliopsida) 亞 綱:薔薇亞綱(Rosidae) 目:豆目(Fabales) 亞 目:豆亞目 科:豆科(Leguminosae sp) 種:黃車軸草 T. strepens 分布區域:原產歐洲中部和北部, 我國見於引種栽培。 |
黃車軸草(huáng chē zhóu cǎo,學名:Trifolium strepens),為雙子葉植物綱、豆科、車軸草屬的一種植物。原產於歐洲中部和北部,後我國進行引種栽培。一年生草本,高10—40厘米,掌狀三出複葉;托葉長披針形,先端長漸尖,總狀花序近球形,緊密,花冠黃色。 [1]
目錄
黃車軸草形態特徵
一年生草本,高(10)20—40厘米。莖直立或平臥上升,中部分枝,被貼伏短柔毛。掌狀三出複葉;托葉長披針形,先端長漸尖,長1 l 5厘米,脈紋清晰,下半部與葉柄合生,托葉與葉柄幾等長;
小葉等大.長圓狀倒卵形,長10—17毫米,寬5—8毫米,紙質,先端鈍,基部闊楔形,邊緣上半部具不明顯淺鋸齒,側脈10一18對,幾不分叉,下面隆起;小葉柄甚短,葉片凋落後,葉柄殘留在枝上。
總狀花序近球形,緊密,花期中延伸成圓筒形,長1 5—2厘米,具花25—40朵;總花梗着生上部葉腋,長2—3厘米,比葉長;花長5—6毫米,開時下垂;花梗長不到1毫米;
萼鐘形,長2 5-3.5毫米,稀被柔毛,萼齒錐形,不等長,下方3齒明顯比上方2齒長,萼簡短,具脈紋5條;花冠黃色,後變棕色,旗瓣舟形,基部漸狹,先端具不整齊缺刻。[2]
莢果長卵形,長2.5—3毫米,先端具宿存花柱,基部具頸;有種子1粒。花果期6—7月。 [3]
分類文獻
Trifolium strepens Crantz. Stirp. Austr. 5: 411. 1769; Bobrov in Kom. Fl. URSS 11: 222. 1945.——T. agrarium Linn. Sp. Pl. 772. 1753 p. p. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 556. 1842.
Trifolium agrarium Linnaeus, nom. utique rej.; T. strepens Crantz, nom. illeg. superfl.
Annual herbs, appressed puberulent. Stems erect or as-cending, branched at middle, (10-)20-50 cm. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, veins prominent, ad-nate to petiole for ca. 1/2 their length, apex long acuminate; petioles equal to leaflets in lower leaves, shorter in upper leaves; leaflets obovate-oblong to narrowly elliptic, ± sessile, 10-23 × 5-8 mm, papery, lateral veins 10-18 pairs, base cuneate, mar-gins entire at base, serrate distally, apex obtuse (rarely emargi-nate). Flowers 25-40, imbricate in dense, globose to shortly cylindric racemes, 1.5-2 cm, axillary and terminal; peduncle as long as or longer than racemes; involucre and bracts absent; pedicels ca. 1 mm, reflexed after anthesis. Calyx 2-2.5 mm, veins 5; tube short; lower 3 teeth 2-2.5 × length of upper 2. Co-rolla yellow, turning brown, 6-8 mm; standard elliptic. Ovary long stipitate, oblong; style longer than ovary. Legume nar-rowly ovoid, 2.5-3 mm, stipitate, apex with persistent style. Seed 1, yellow-brown, ellipsoid, 1-1.2 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul.
Cultivated, escaped, and naturalized; roadsides, weedy areas. He-bei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi [native to SW Asia and C and N Europe].