齒葉烏桕
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界:植物界 科:大戟科 屬:齒葉烏桕屬 中文學名:齒葉烏桕 |
齒葉烏桕(chǐ yè wū jiù)，學名 Shirakiopsis indica (Willdenow) Esser，異名：Excoecaria indica Sapium bingyricum Sapium indicum Shirakia indica Stillingia diversifolia ，學名是Shirakiopsis indica，科屬為大戟科齒葉烏桕屬。喬木高達30米，直徑達40厘米；樹幹扭曲，具刺在基部。 托葉1-2毫米； 葉柄1-1.5厘米，疏生到無毛，無腺體在先端；葉片長圓形到橢圓形或稍卵形， 7-14 * 3-4 厘米，革質，背面每邊具2-4腺體的，基部鈍，邊緣顯著有鋸齒的，先端末端稍狹到漸尖； [1]
目錄
形態特徵
喬木高達30米，直徑達40厘米；樹幹扭曲，具刺在基部。 托葉1-2毫米； 葉柄1-1.5厘米，疏生到無毛，無腺體在先端；葉片長圓形到橢圓形或稍卵形， 7-14 * 3-4 厘米，革質；
背面每邊具2-4腺體的，基部鈍，邊緣顯著有鋸齒的，先端末端稍狹到漸尖；側脈18-24 對，與中脈角度60°-66°。花序單生，總狀花序狀，達10厘米，軸具柔毛。
雄花： 苞片寬，具緣毛，基部具2腺體；花梗1-2毫米； 花萼0.6-0.8毫米，具緣毛； 雄蕊花絲在花期0.5-0.6毫米，在芽中近無；花葯0.4-0.5毫米。
雌花： 大約5毫米的花梗；花萼1.25-1.75毫米，具柔毛； 子房卵形，長約毫米； 花柱長約1.5毫米； 柱頭4-6毫米。果梗8-22毫米；
蒴果近球形， 18-30 * 20-32 毫米，兩末端圓形或基部稍漸狹，不清楚地3裂，漿果的壁厚和硬的。通常結子每果少於3，橢圓形， 11-13 * 7-8.5 毫米，在背面上具脊，中等棕色到淺棕色，沒有點，沒有種阜。花期6-7月。
Sapium indicum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 572. 1805; Excoecaria indica (Willdenow) Müller Argoviensis; S. bingyricum Roxburgh ex Baillon; Shirakia indica (Willdenow) Hurusawa; Stillingia diversifolia Miquel.Trees up to 30 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h., bole twisting, with spines at base. Stipules 1-2 mm; petiole 1-1.5 cm, sparsely pilose to glabrous, eglandular at apex; leaf blade oblong to elliptic or slightly ovate, 7-14 × 3-4 cm, leathery, abaxially with 2-4 glands per side, base obtuse, margins conspicuously serrate, apex subacuminate to acuminate; lateral veins 18-24 pairs, at 60°-66° to midrib.
Inflorescence solitary, racemelike, to 10 cm, axis pilose. Male flowers: bracts broad, ciliate, bases with 2 glands; pedicels 1-2 mm; calyx 0.6-0.8 mm, ciliate; stamen filaments 0.5-0.6 mm at anthesis, nearly absent in bud; anthers 0.4-0.5 mm.
Female flowers: pedicel ca. 5 mm; calyx 1.25-1.75 mm, pilose; ovary ovate, ca. 2.5 mm; styles ca. 1.5 mm; stigmas 4-6 mm. Fruiting pedicel 8-22 mm; capsules subglobose, 18-30 × 20-32 mm, rounded at both ends or slightly attenuate at base, obscurely 3-lobed, walls of cocci very thick and hard.
Seeds often less than 3 per fruit, ellipsoid, 11-13 × 7-8.5 mm, keeled on back, medium to pale brown, not spotted, without caruncle. Fl. Jun-Jul.
產地生境
Along rivers and seashores, gallery, tidal, and mangrove forests, primary and old secondary forests of swampy and seasonally inundated areas; below 100 m. Guangdong [native to Bangladesh, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Islands, Solomon Islands)].
沿着河和海岸，排水廊道，潮汐，以及紅樹森林，沼澤和季節性淹沒地區的原生和老的次生林；海拔低於100米。廣東[原產於孟加拉國，文萊，印度，印度尼西亞，馬來西亞，緬甸，巴布亞新幾內亞，新加坡，斯里蘭卡，泰國，越南；太平洋群島(Bismarck群島，卡羅琳島，索洛蒙島) ].
Shirakiopsis indica is cultivated for timber and used medicinally. A drying oil is obtained from the seeds, which are edible, though the outer layers of the fruit and other parts of the plant are poisonous and have been used as fish poisons. It is of particular interest because of its ability to grow in waterlogged soils. Shirakiopsis indica。
栽培以獲得木材為藥用。從種子獲得乾性的油，可食用的，果實外層和植株其它部分有毒可以用作魚的毒藥。因為可生長於漬水土壤，而具有特別的價值。
基本信息
中文名：齒葉烏桕 學名：Shirakiopsis indica (Willd.) Esser
異名（Synonym）：Shirakia indica (Willd.) Hurus. Stillingia bingyrica Baill. Stillingia diversifolia Miq. Stillingia indica (Willd.) Oken Sapium hurmais Buch.-Ham. Sapium indicum Willd. Sapium bingerium Roxb. ex Willd. Sapium bingyricum Roxb. ex Baill. Sapium diversifolium (Miq.) Pax Excoecaria diversifolia (Miq.) Müll.Arg. Excoecaria indica (Willd.) Müll.Arg.
科屬：大戟科齒葉烏桕屬