'''信息论'''（{{lang-en|'''information theory'''}}）是[[应用数学]]、[[电机工程学]]和[[计算机科学]]的一个分支，涉及[[信息]]的量化、存储和通信等。信息论是由[[克劳德·香农]]发展，用来找出[[信号处理]]与[[通信]]操作的基本限制，如[[数据压缩]]、可靠的存储和数据[[电信|传输]]等。自创立以来，它已拓展应用到许多其他领域，包括统计推断、[[自然语言处理]]、[[密码学]]、[[神经生物学]]<ref>{{cite book|author=F. Rieke, D. Warland, R Ruyter van Steveninck, W Bialek|title=Spikes: Exploring the Neural Code|publisher=The MIT press|year=1997|isbn=978-0262681087}}</ref>、进化论<ref>cf. Huelsenbeck, J. P., F. Ronquist, R. Nielsen and J. P. Bollback (2001) Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology, ''Science'' '''294''':2310-2314</ref>和分子编码的功能<ref>Rando Allikmets, Wyeth W. Wasserman, Amy Hutchinson, Philip Smallwood, Jeremy Nathans, Peter K. Rogan, [http://alum.mit.edu/www/toms/ Thomas D. Schneider] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821124201/http://alum.mit.edu/www/toms |date=2008-08-21 }}, Michael Dean (1998) Organization of the ABCR gene: analysis of promoter and splice junction sequences, ''Gene'' '''215''':1, 111-122</ref>、[[生态学]]的模式选择<ref>Burnham, K. P. and Anderson D. R. (2002) ''Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, Second Edition'' (Springer Science, New York) ISBN 978-0-387-95364-9.</ref>、热物理<ref>Jaynes, E. T. (1957) [http://bayes.wustl.edu/ Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics], ''Phys. Rev.'' '''106''':620</ref>、[[量子计算]]、[[语言学]]、剽窃检测<ref>Charles H. Bennett, Ming Li, and Bin Ma (2003) [http://sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=08B64096-0772-4904-9D48227D5C9FAC75 Chain Letters and Evolutionary Histories], ''Scientific American'' '''288''':6, 76-81</ref>、[[模式识别]]、异常检测和其他形式的[[数据分析]]。<ref>

{{Cite web

* [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6773024 香农论文：通信的数学理论]

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