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第一民族
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"
|<center>'''第一民族'''<br><img src="https://www.easyatm.com.tw/img/0/d72/nBnauM3XzATNxUjMwgTO2UTM5QTM4ATO4gTM0QTNwAzMwIzL4kzL4IzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLxE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg" width="250"></center><small>[https://www.easyatm.com.tw/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F 圖片來自中文百科知識]</small>
|}
'''第一民族'''，或稱'''第一國族'''（{{lang-en|First Nations}}，{{lang-fr|Premières nations}}），是數個[[加拿大]]境內[[民族]]的通稱，法定與[[印地安人]]同義<ref>[https://www.itsfun.com.tw/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F/wiki-25997001-1443379 第一民族(First Nations)]，華人百科</ref> <ref>[https://www.easyatm.com.tw/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F 第一民族:第一民族（First Nations），是一個加拿大的種族名稱]，百科知識中文網</ref> 。
==簡介==
第一民族，指的是在現今加拿大境內的[[美洲原住民]]([[北美洲原住民]])及其子孫，但是不包括[[因纽特人]]和[[梅蒂人]]，因紐特人很久以前就居住在加拿大[[北極圈]]附近及[[阿拉斯加]]。梅第人是[[歐洲人]]與印第安人的[[混血]]，印第安人有的有身份，有的無身份。。
* [[中文]]名稱:第一民族
* [[外文]]名稱:First Nations
* 泛指:所有土著民族
* 範圍:現今加拿大[[北美洲]]原住民及其子孫
* 定義:加拿大的[[種族]]名稱
在加拿大，原住民的全國性組織是[[第一民族議會]]（{{lang-en|Assembly of First Nations}}，{{lang-fr|Assemblée des premières nations}}）。
==辭源==
[[加拿大原住民]]由“第一民族”（First Nations）、“因紐特人”（Inuit）、和“梅蒂人”（Métis）<ref>{{cite web
| title = final Written Submissions of Federal Crown In the Kawaskimhon Aboriginal Moot Court
| publisher = Factum of the Federal Crown Canada; University of Manitoba, Faculty of Law
| year = 2007
| url = http://www.umanitoba.ca/law/newsite/kawaskimhon_factums/FINALWrittenSubmissionsofFederalCrown_windsor.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2009-10-09
| archive-date = 2009-03-26
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043230/http://www.umanitoba.ca/law/newsite/kawaskimhon_factums/FINALWrittenSubmissionsofFederalCrown_windsor.pdf
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>組成。<ref>{{cite web
| title = The Canadian Atlas Online First Peoples
| url = http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/themes.aspx?id=first&lang=En
| publisher = Canadian Geographic
| accessdate = 2009-10-09
| archive-date = 2015-10-08
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151008025709/http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/themes.aspx?id=first&lang=En
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref name="term">{{cite web
| title = Terminology
| work = Aboriginal Peoples & Communities
| publisher = Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
| date = 2009-06-03
| url = http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp
| accessdate = 2009-10-09
| archive-date = 2011-08-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110824235622/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>“First Nations”一詞在1970、80年代起被廣泛使用，取代了原先所用的“Indian band”。<ref name="gibson5">{{Cite book
| last = Gibson
| first = Gordon
| title = A New Look at Canadian Indian Policy: Respect the Collective – Promote the Individual
| url = https://archive.org/details/newlookatcanadia0000gibs
| publisher =
| year = 2009
| isbn =978-0-88975-243-6 }}
</ref>索爾·桑德斯（Elder Sol Sanderson）宣稱在1980年代初期創造了這個詞。<ref>[http://www.afn.ca/afnrenewal/yorkton.pdf Assembly of First Nations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523232050/http://www.afn.ca/afnrenewal/yorkton.pdf |date=2006-05-23 }}, p. 74.</ref> 有些人則認為其是出現於1970年代，用以迴避使用有冒犯性的“印地安人”（Indian）。這個詞尚未有具體的法律定義。一些原住民部落也以“First Nation”取代名稱上原來的“band”。<ref>[http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014642 Terminology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813194248/http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014642 |date=2012-08-13 }}. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref>
目前“印地安人”（Indian）這詞雖然依然是法律用語，但在加拿大的已漸漸不再使用。<ref>{{cite web|title=Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada|url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/pub/wf/trmrslt_e.asp?term=12|publisher=Communications Branch of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada|year=2004|accessdate=2010-06-26|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=http://webarchive.bac-lac.gc.ca:8080/wayback/20071114225541/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/pub/wf/trmrslt_e.asp?term=12|archivedate=2007-11-14}}</ref><ref name=indian>{{cite web|title=Terminology of First Nations, Native, Aboriginal and Métis|url=http://www.aidp.bc.ca/terminology_of_native_aboriginal_metis.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Aboriginal Infant Development Programs of BC|year=2009|accessdate=2010-06-26|archive-date=2012-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227144640/http://www.aidp.bc.ca/terminology_of_native_aboriginal_metis.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> 而[[美國政府]]和其他國家使用的“Native Americans”一詞則不常用於加拿大，<ref name="term"/>通常只用於稱呼於美國境內的原住民。<ref>{{cite web|last=Hill|first=Liz|url=http://www.americanindian.si.edu/subpage.cfm?subpage=shop&second=books&third=DoAllIndiansLiveInTipis|title=National Museum of the American Indian|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|year=2007|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2015-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713223807/http://www.americanindian.si.edu/subpage.cfm?subpage=shop&second=books&third=DoAllIndiansLiveInTipis|dead-url=no}}</ref>同樣，“Native Canadian”一詞也不常見，然而“Natives”和“{{lang|fr|autochthones}}”（希臘詞根{{lang|el|''auto''}}和{{lang|el|''chthon''}}，意即土地）卻有被使用。根據[[1763年王室公告]]，<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=W.R.|url=http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/pp/ppa.html|title=The Royal Proclamation of 1763|year=2004|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927110026/http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/pp/ppa.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[官方 (法人)|官方]]稱呼[[英屬北美]]的原住民為「部落」或「民族」。
==文化==
第一民族通常分類為共通的[[文化圈]]，依地域區分為[[副極地]]，東北[[林地]]，[[平原]]，[[高原]]，西北海岸。
根據加拿大2006年人口普查，原住民人口數為1,172,790 (3.75%)，其中第一民族人口數為698,025(2.23%)。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89122&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&Theme=73&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837928|title=Aboriginal Identity (8), Sex (3) and Age Groups (12) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20%|work=Statistics Canada Census: 2006 Census: Data products Topic-based tabulations|publisher=Government of Canada|date=2008-06-12|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420121815/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89122&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&Theme=73&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837928|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==政府==
第一民族自治政府的首領和議會，有權管理其下的醫院、學校。
在[[公共事業]]、[[環境保護]]以及[[建築法規]]等也有很大的自治權限。但過度的[[集權]]可能是第一民族自治政府功能失調的原因之一。
==問題==
第一民族的生活並不理想，他們中大多數人的生活條件只能比得上如[[海地]]這樣的[[發展中國家]]。<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/1095160--stop-the-blame-game | title=Stop the blame game | work=The Star | accessdate=2013-09-17 | archive-date=2011-12-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210103204/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/1095160--stop-the-blame-game | dead-url=no }}</ref>第一民族的失業率、<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianz.com/News/2005/008747.asp|title=Natives in Canada suffer from high unemployment – June 14, 2005|publisher=Indianz.Com; Noble Savage Media, LLC; Ho-Chunk, Inc.|date=2000–2005|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2008-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081129212047/http://indianz.com/News/2005/008747.asp|dead-url=no}}</ref>犯罪率、<ref>{{cite news|last=Gorelick|first=Melissa|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1309/is_3_44/ai_n24217352|title=Discrimination of Aboriginals on native lands in Canada: a comprehensive crisis – September 2007|work= UN Chronicle|publisher=CBS Interactive Inc.|accessdate=2009-10-09 | year=2007|archiveurl=http://archive.is/x3gz|archivedate=2012-07-10}}</ref>[[藥物濫用]]率<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/substan/ads/nnadap-pnlaada_e.html|title=Health Canada – National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program|publisher=Government of Canada|date=2006-03-06|accessdate=2008-11-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506055231/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/substan/ads/nnadap-pnlaada_e.html|archivedate=2008-05-06}}</ref>比全國平均水平高，受教育率低，貧困程度高，以及[[胎儿乙醇综合征]]等健康問題。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/famil/preg-gros/intro-eng.php|title=Health Canada -First Nations, Inuit and Aboriginal Health – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects|publisher=Government of Canada|date=2007-11-146|accessdate=2010-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323145101/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/famil/preg-gros/intro-eng.php|archive-date=2010-03-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20081114/tb_poverty_081114/20081114?hub=Health|title=Poverty to blame for TB among Aboriginals: experts|date=November 14, 200|publisher=CTV News|accessdate=2008-11-14|archive-date=2009-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604012556/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20081114/tb_poverty_081114/20081114?hub=Health|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/pubs/gen/stats_profil_e.html|title=Health Canada – Statistical Profile on the Health of First Nations in Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=2009-10-09|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528220902/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/pubs/gen/stats_profil_e.html|archivedate=2008-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jennissen|first=Therese|url=http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp325-e.htm#B.%20Peopletxt|title=Health issues in rural Canada – B. People of Aboriginal Origin|date=December 1992|work=Political and Social Affairs Division|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2010-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119222535/http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp325-e.htm#B.%20Peopletxt|dead-url=no}}</ref>
其出生時的[[預期壽命]]也較低，2001數據估計第一民族男女壽命低於全國平均水平。<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/diseases-maladies/2005-01_health-sante_indicat_e.html| title=First Nations Comparable Health Indicators| work=Health Canada First Nations, Inuit & Aboriginal Health Diseases & Health Conditions| publisher=Government of Canada| date=2007-03-16| accessdate=2008-05-14| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512140346/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/diseases-maladies/2005-01_health-sante_indicat_e.html| archivedate=2008-05-12}}</ref>與非原住民相比，同性別間的[[自殺率]]高出兩倍、同年齡段的自殺率更高出三倍。<ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=B.A.|url=http://www.religioustolerance.org/sui_nati.htm|title=Suicide among Canada's First Nations|publisher=Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance|date=2007-01-03|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2006-12-12|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20061212201646/http://www.religioustolerance.org/sui_nati.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
原住民組成的[[加拿大黑幫|黑幫]]，其中大部份位於[[溫尼伯]]，也是一個很大的社會問題。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100316/native_gangs_100316/20100316?hub=Canada|title=Native gangs spreading across Canada, says RCMP|publisher=[[CTV.ca]]|accessdate=2010-03-16|date=2010-03-16|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324074031/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100316/native_gangs_100316/20100316?hub=Canada|archivedate=2010-03-24}}</ref>
===糖尿病===
第一民族的[[糖尿病]]患病率與其他民族相比高得非同尋常，其[[2型糖尿病]]患病率可能是由於外部環境、[[基因]]以及[[生物因素]]（例：[[节俭表型假设]]），<ref>Pollard, T. M. 2008. Western Diseases: An Evolutionary Perspective. Chapter 4: The thrifty genotype versus thrifty phenotype debate: efforts to explain between population variation in rates of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref>不過具體情況還不清楚。<ref name="10.1503/cmaj.090846">Dyck R, Osgood N, Lin TH, Gao A, and Stang MR (2010) Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus among First Nations and non-First Nations adults. Canadian Medical Association Journal 182:249-256; published ahead of print January 18, 2010, doi:[http://10.1503/cmaj.090846 10.1503/cmaj.090846]</ref>
==外部連結==
*[http://nfb.ca/aboriginalperspectives Aboriginal Perspectives] A [[National Film Board of Canada]] website with documentaries on Canada's Aboriginal Peoples, including films by Aboriginal filmmakers.
*[http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/Search.do?Ntk=SearchAll_EN&Ntx=mode%2Bmatchallany&Ntt=Aboriginal&QSo=Search&ex=on Aboriginal Virtual Exhibits from Canadian Museums]
*[http://www.afn.ca/ Assembly of First Nations]
*[http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0170e.shtml The Canadian Museum of Civilization – First Peoples Section]
*[http://www.firstnationsseeker.ca/ First Nations Seeker]
*[http://www.firstnationsnews.com First Nations News Wire Service]
*[http://www.canadiana.org/citm/themes/aboriginals_e.html A History of Aboriginal Treaties and Relations in Canada]
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/154367326/1946-Report-Medical-survey-of-nutrition-among-the-Northern-Manitoba-Indians 1946 Report: Medical survey of nutrition among the Northern Manitoba Indians]
==参考文献==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:加拿大人]]
|<center>'''第一民族'''<br><img src="https://www.easyatm.com.tw/img/0/d72/nBnauM3XzATNxUjMwgTO2UTM5QTM4ATO4gTM0QTNwAzMwIzL4kzL4IzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLxE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg" width="250"></center><small>[https://www.easyatm.com.tw/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F 圖片來自中文百科知識]</small>
|}
'''第一民族'''，或稱'''第一國族'''（{{lang-en|First Nations}}，{{lang-fr|Premières nations}}），是數個[[加拿大]]境內[[民族]]的通稱，法定與[[印地安人]]同義<ref>[https://www.itsfun.com.tw/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F/wiki-25997001-1443379 第一民族(First Nations)]，華人百科</ref> <ref>[https://www.easyatm.com.tw/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F 第一民族:第一民族（First Nations），是一個加拿大的種族名稱]，百科知識中文網</ref> 。
==簡介==
第一民族，指的是在現今加拿大境內的[[美洲原住民]]([[北美洲原住民]])及其子孫，但是不包括[[因纽特人]]和[[梅蒂人]]，因紐特人很久以前就居住在加拿大[[北極圈]]附近及[[阿拉斯加]]。梅第人是[[歐洲人]]與印第安人的[[混血]]，印第安人有的有身份，有的無身份。。
* [[中文]]名稱:第一民族
* [[外文]]名稱:First Nations
* 泛指:所有土著民族
* 範圍:現今加拿大[[北美洲]]原住民及其子孫
* 定義:加拿大的[[種族]]名稱
在加拿大，原住民的全國性組織是[[第一民族議會]]（{{lang-en|Assembly of First Nations}}，{{lang-fr|Assemblée des premières nations}}）。
==辭源==
[[加拿大原住民]]由“第一民族”（First Nations）、“因紐特人”（Inuit）、和“梅蒂人”（Métis）<ref>{{cite web
| title = final Written Submissions of Federal Crown In the Kawaskimhon Aboriginal Moot Court
| publisher = Factum of the Federal Crown Canada; University of Manitoba, Faculty of Law
| year = 2007
| url = http://www.umanitoba.ca/law/newsite/kawaskimhon_factums/FINALWrittenSubmissionsofFederalCrown_windsor.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2009-10-09
| archive-date = 2009-03-26
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043230/http://www.umanitoba.ca/law/newsite/kawaskimhon_factums/FINALWrittenSubmissionsofFederalCrown_windsor.pdf
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>組成。<ref>{{cite web
| title = The Canadian Atlas Online First Peoples
| url = http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/themes.aspx?id=first&lang=En
| publisher = Canadian Geographic
| accessdate = 2009-10-09
| archive-date = 2015-10-08
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151008025709/http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/themes.aspx?id=first&lang=En
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref name="term">{{cite web
| title = Terminology
| work = Aboriginal Peoples & Communities
| publisher = Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
| date = 2009-06-03
| url = http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp
| accessdate = 2009-10-09
| archive-date = 2011-08-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110824235622/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>“First Nations”一詞在1970、80年代起被廣泛使用，取代了原先所用的“Indian band”。<ref name="gibson5">{{Cite book
| last = Gibson
| first = Gordon
| title = A New Look at Canadian Indian Policy: Respect the Collective – Promote the Individual
| url = https://archive.org/details/newlookatcanadia0000gibs
| publisher =
| year = 2009
| isbn =978-0-88975-243-6 }}
</ref>索爾·桑德斯（Elder Sol Sanderson）宣稱在1980年代初期創造了這個詞。<ref>[http://www.afn.ca/afnrenewal/yorkton.pdf Assembly of First Nations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523232050/http://www.afn.ca/afnrenewal/yorkton.pdf |date=2006-05-23 }}, p. 74.</ref> 有些人則認為其是出現於1970年代，用以迴避使用有冒犯性的“印地安人”（Indian）。這個詞尚未有具體的法律定義。一些原住民部落也以“First Nation”取代名稱上原來的“band”。<ref>[http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014642 Terminology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813194248/http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014642 |date=2012-08-13 }}. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref>
目前“印地安人”（Indian）這詞雖然依然是法律用語，但在加拿大的已漸漸不再使用。<ref>{{cite web|title=Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada|url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/pub/wf/trmrslt_e.asp?term=12|publisher=Communications Branch of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada|year=2004|accessdate=2010-06-26|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=http://webarchive.bac-lac.gc.ca:8080/wayback/20071114225541/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/pub/wf/trmrslt_e.asp?term=12|archivedate=2007-11-14}}</ref><ref name=indian>{{cite web|title=Terminology of First Nations, Native, Aboriginal and Métis|url=http://www.aidp.bc.ca/terminology_of_native_aboriginal_metis.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Aboriginal Infant Development Programs of BC|year=2009|accessdate=2010-06-26|archive-date=2012-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227144640/http://www.aidp.bc.ca/terminology_of_native_aboriginal_metis.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> 而[[美國政府]]和其他國家使用的“Native Americans”一詞則不常用於加拿大，<ref name="term"/>通常只用於稱呼於美國境內的原住民。<ref>{{cite web|last=Hill|first=Liz|url=http://www.americanindian.si.edu/subpage.cfm?subpage=shop&second=books&third=DoAllIndiansLiveInTipis|title=National Museum of the American Indian|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|year=2007|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2015-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713223807/http://www.americanindian.si.edu/subpage.cfm?subpage=shop&second=books&third=DoAllIndiansLiveInTipis|dead-url=no}}</ref>同樣，“Native Canadian”一詞也不常見，然而“Natives”和“{{lang|fr|autochthones}}”（希臘詞根{{lang|el|''auto''}}和{{lang|el|''chthon''}}，意即土地）卻有被使用。根據[[1763年王室公告]]，<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=W.R.|url=http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/pp/ppa.html|title=The Royal Proclamation of 1763|year=2004|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927110026/http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/pp/ppa.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[官方 (法人)|官方]]稱呼[[英屬北美]]的原住民為「部落」或「民族」。
==文化==
第一民族通常分類為共通的[[文化圈]]，依地域區分為[[副極地]]，東北[[林地]]，[[平原]]，[[高原]]，西北海岸。
根據加拿大2006年人口普查，原住民人口數為1,172,790 (3.75%)，其中第一民族人口數為698,025(2.23%)。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89122&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&Theme=73&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837928|title=Aboriginal Identity (8), Sex (3) and Age Groups (12) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20%|work=Statistics Canada Census: 2006 Census: Data products Topic-based tabulations|publisher=Government of Canada|date=2008-06-12|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420121815/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89122&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&Theme=73&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837928|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==政府==
第一民族自治政府的首領和議會，有權管理其下的醫院、學校。
在[[公共事業]]、[[環境保護]]以及[[建築法規]]等也有很大的自治權限。但過度的[[集權]]可能是第一民族自治政府功能失調的原因之一。
==問題==
第一民族的生活並不理想，他們中大多數人的生活條件只能比得上如[[海地]]這樣的[[發展中國家]]。<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/1095160--stop-the-blame-game | title=Stop the blame game | work=The Star | accessdate=2013-09-17 | archive-date=2011-12-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210103204/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/1095160--stop-the-blame-game | dead-url=no }}</ref>第一民族的失業率、<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianz.com/News/2005/008747.asp|title=Natives in Canada suffer from high unemployment – June 14, 2005|publisher=Indianz.Com; Noble Savage Media, LLC; Ho-Chunk, Inc.|date=2000–2005|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2008-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081129212047/http://indianz.com/News/2005/008747.asp|dead-url=no}}</ref>犯罪率、<ref>{{cite news|last=Gorelick|first=Melissa|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1309/is_3_44/ai_n24217352|title=Discrimination of Aboriginals on native lands in Canada: a comprehensive crisis – September 2007|work= UN Chronicle|publisher=CBS Interactive Inc.|accessdate=2009-10-09 | year=2007|archiveurl=http://archive.is/x3gz|archivedate=2012-07-10}}</ref>[[藥物濫用]]率<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/substan/ads/nnadap-pnlaada_e.html|title=Health Canada – National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program|publisher=Government of Canada|date=2006-03-06|accessdate=2008-11-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506055231/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/substan/ads/nnadap-pnlaada_e.html|archivedate=2008-05-06}}</ref>比全國平均水平高，受教育率低，貧困程度高，以及[[胎儿乙醇综合征]]等健康問題。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/famil/preg-gros/intro-eng.php|title=Health Canada -First Nations, Inuit and Aboriginal Health – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects|publisher=Government of Canada|date=2007-11-146|accessdate=2010-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323145101/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/famil/preg-gros/intro-eng.php|archive-date=2010-03-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20081114/tb_poverty_081114/20081114?hub=Health|title=Poverty to blame for TB among Aboriginals: experts|date=November 14, 200|publisher=CTV News|accessdate=2008-11-14|archive-date=2009-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604012556/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20081114/tb_poverty_081114/20081114?hub=Health|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/pubs/gen/stats_profil_e.html|title=Health Canada – Statistical Profile on the Health of First Nations in Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=2009-10-09|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528220902/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/pubs/gen/stats_profil_e.html|archivedate=2008-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jennissen|first=Therese|url=http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp325-e.htm#B.%20Peopletxt|title=Health issues in rural Canada – B. People of Aboriginal Origin|date=December 1992|work=Political and Social Affairs Division|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2010-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119222535/http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp325-e.htm#B.%20Peopletxt|dead-url=no}}</ref>
其出生時的[[預期壽命]]也較低，2001數據估計第一民族男女壽命低於全國平均水平。<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/diseases-maladies/2005-01_health-sante_indicat_e.html| title=First Nations Comparable Health Indicators| work=Health Canada First Nations, Inuit & Aboriginal Health Diseases & Health Conditions| publisher=Government of Canada| date=2007-03-16| accessdate=2008-05-14| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512140346/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/diseases-maladies/2005-01_health-sante_indicat_e.html| archivedate=2008-05-12}}</ref>與非原住民相比，同性別間的[[自殺率]]高出兩倍、同年齡段的自殺率更高出三倍。<ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=B.A.|url=http://www.religioustolerance.org/sui_nati.htm|title=Suicide among Canada's First Nations|publisher=Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance|date=2007-01-03|accessdate=2009-10-09|archive-date=2006-12-12|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20061212201646/http://www.religioustolerance.org/sui_nati.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
原住民組成的[[加拿大黑幫|黑幫]]，其中大部份位於[[溫尼伯]]，也是一個很大的社會問題。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100316/native_gangs_100316/20100316?hub=Canada|title=Native gangs spreading across Canada, says RCMP|publisher=[[CTV.ca]]|accessdate=2010-03-16|date=2010-03-16|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324074031/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100316/native_gangs_100316/20100316?hub=Canada|archivedate=2010-03-24}}</ref>
===糖尿病===
第一民族的[[糖尿病]]患病率與其他民族相比高得非同尋常，其[[2型糖尿病]]患病率可能是由於外部環境、[[基因]]以及[[生物因素]]（例：[[节俭表型假设]]），<ref>Pollard, T. M. 2008. Western Diseases: An Evolutionary Perspective. Chapter 4: The thrifty genotype versus thrifty phenotype debate: efforts to explain between population variation in rates of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref>不過具體情況還不清楚。<ref name="10.1503/cmaj.090846">Dyck R, Osgood N, Lin TH, Gao A, and Stang MR (2010) Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus among First Nations and non-First Nations adults. Canadian Medical Association Journal 182:249-256; published ahead of print January 18, 2010, doi:[http://10.1503/cmaj.090846 10.1503/cmaj.090846]</ref>
==外部連結==
*[http://nfb.ca/aboriginalperspectives Aboriginal Perspectives] A [[National Film Board of Canada]] website with documentaries on Canada's Aboriginal Peoples, including films by Aboriginal filmmakers.
*[http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/Search.do?Ntk=SearchAll_EN&Ntx=mode%2Bmatchallany&Ntt=Aboriginal&QSo=Search&ex=on Aboriginal Virtual Exhibits from Canadian Museums]
*[http://www.afn.ca/ Assembly of First Nations]
*[http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0170e.shtml The Canadian Museum of Civilization – First Peoples Section]
*[http://www.firstnationsseeker.ca/ First Nations Seeker]
*[http://www.firstnationsnews.com First Nations News Wire Service]
*[http://www.canadiana.org/citm/themes/aboriginals_e.html A History of Aboriginal Treaties and Relations in Canada]
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/154367326/1946-Report-Medical-survey-of-nutrition-among-the-Northern-Manitoba-Indians 1946 Report: Medical survey of nutrition among the Northern Manitoba Indians]
==参考文献==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:加拿大人]]