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中文学名:硬毛南芥 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:罂粟目 亚 目:白花菜亚目 科:十字花科 族:南芥族 属:南芥属 |
硬毛南芥，一年生或二年生草本，高30-90厘米，全株被有硬单毛、2-3叉毛、星状毛及分枝毛。茎常中部分枝，直立。 [1]
硬毛南芥形态特征
基生叶长椭圆形或匙形，长2-6厘米，宽6-14毫米，顶端钝圆，边缘全缘或呈浅疏齿，基部楔形；叶柄长1-2厘米；茎生叶多数，常贴茎，叶片长椭圆形或卵状披针形，长2-5厘米，宽7-13毫米，顶端钝圆，边缘具浅疏齿，基部心形或呈钝形叶耳，抱茎或半抱茎。
总状花序顶生或腋生，花多数；萼片长椭圆形，长约4毫米，顶端锐尖，背面无毛；花瓣白色，长椭圆形，长4-6毫米，宽0.8-1.5毫米，顶端钝圆，基部呈爪状；花柱短，柱头扁平。
长角果线形，长3.5-6.5厘米，直立，紧贴果序轴，果瓣具纤细中脉，宿存花柱长约0.3毫米；果梗直立，长8-15毫米。种子每室1行，约25粒，种子卵形，长1-1.2毫米，表面有不明显颗粒状突起，边缘具窄翅，褐色。花期5-7月，果期6-7月。
Herbs perennial or sometimes biennial, (4-)10-80(-110) cm tall, usually densely hispid, with simple and stalked, forked or substellate trichomes. Stems erect, usually simple basally, often branched above. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole (0.5-)1-2 cm; leaf blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (1.5-)2.5-8(-10) × (0.5-)1-2.5 cm, pubescent, margin entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute. Cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate, oblong, oblanceolate, or ovate, (1-)1.5-5(-7) × (0.5-)1-2 cm, hirsute on both surfaces or adaxially glabrescent, base subcordate or auriculate and with obtuse or subacute auricles, margin dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels erect to erect-ascending, (2-)3-10(-15) mm, slender, glabrous or sparsely hirsute. Sepals narrowly oblong, 2.5-4 × 0.5-1.2 mm, not saccate. Petals white, rarely pink or purplish, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, rarely linear, (3.5-)4-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex obtuse. Filaments slender, 2.5-4.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7-1 mm. Ovules 30-80 per ovary. Fruit linear, (1.5-)2-5.5(-7) cm × 0.8-1.2 mm, erect to erect-ascending, often subappressed to rachis, flattened; valves glabrous, torulose, with a prominent midvein extending full length; style (0.1-)0.3-0.8(-1) mm. Seeds brown, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8-)1-1.5(-1.7) × 0.8-1.3 mm, uniseriate, wingless, narrowly winged all around, or winged distally. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32.
Meadows, grassy slopes, roadsides, mixed forests; 300-4000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe, North America].
A highly variable species, especially in spacing, shape, texture, base, and margin of cauline leaves, flower color, petal size, and density of indumentum. Many of the variants have been recognized at specific and infraspecific ranks. However, since the variation in China does not follow consistent morphological and/or geographical patterns, it is better to recognize only one variable taxon.
The records in FRPS and Fl. Xinjiang. (2(2): 142. 1995) of Arabis borealis Andrzejowski from Xinjiang, as well as those in FRPS and Fl. Guizhou. (7: 30. 1989) of A. sagittata de Candolle from Guizhou, are based on misidentified plants of A. hirsuta. Typical plants of A. sagittata are diploid (2n = 16) biennials with strongly sagittate cauline leaves, whereas those of A. hirsuta are tetraploid perennials or occasionally biennials with auriculate or subcordate cauline leaves. However, the distinction between the two is often difficult, especially in biennial plants of A. hirsuta. The present authors have examined no Chinese material that belongs to either A. borealis or A. sagittata.
硬毛南芥生长环境
生长于草原，干燥山坡及路边草丛中，海拔1500-4000米。
硬毛南芥分布范围
产自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、山东、河南、安徽、湖北、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、四川、云南、西藏等地。采收和储藏：秋季可采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。