冷地衛矛檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 冷地衛矛 |
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中文學名:冷地衛矛 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:龍膽目 科：衛矛科 科拉丁名 Celastraceae 屬中文名 衛矛屬 屬拉丁名 Euonymus |
冷地衛矛(lěng dì wèi máo)，學名 Euonymus frigidus Wall. ex Roxb.，俗名：紫花衛矛、大理衛矛，異名：Euonymus porphyreus Euonymus amygdalifolius Euonymus roseoperulata Euonymus pygmaea Euonymus amygdalifolia Euonymus porphyrea Euonymus assamica Euonymus burmanica Euonymus crinita Euonymus fugongensis Euonymus gongshanensis Euonymus crinitus Euonymus dasydictyon Euonymus taliensis Euonymus wardii Euonymus frigida var. elongata Euonymus frigida var. wardii Euonymus crinita var. minor Euonymus frigida var. typica Euonymus porphyrea var. elliptica Euonymus frigida f. elongata Euonymus burmanicus Euonymus pygmaeus Euonymus assamicus Euonymus roseoperulatus Euonymus austrotibetanus Euonymus frigidus f. elongatus Euonymus porphyreus var. ellipticus Euonymus porphyreus var. angustifolius Euonymus frigidus var. elongatus Euonymus frigidus var. wardii ，被子植物門，龍膽目，落葉灌木，高0.1-3.5米，枝疏散。葉厚紙質，橢圓形或長方窄倒卵形，長6-15厘米，寬2-6厘米，先端急尖或鈍，有時呈尖尾狀，基部多為闊楔形或楔形，邊緣有較硬鋸齒，側脈6-10對，在兩面均較明顯；葉柄長6-10毫米。聚傘花序鬆散；產於雲南西部及西藏（墨脫）。生長於海拔1100-3000米的山間林中。 [1]
形態特徵
落葉灌木，高0.1-3.5米，枝疏散。葉厚紙質，橢圓形或長方窄倒卵形，長6-15厘米，寬2-6厘米，先端急尖或鈍，有時呈尖尾狀；
基部多為闊楔形或楔形，邊緣有較硬鋸齒，側脈6-10對，在兩面均較明顯；葉柄長6-10毫米。聚傘花序鬆散；花序梗長而細弱，長2-5厘米；
頂端具3-5分枝，分枝長1.5-2厘米；小花梗長約1厘米；花紫綠色，直徑1-1.2厘米；萼片近圓形；花瓣闊卵形或近圓形；花盤微4裂，雄蕊着生裂片上，無花絲；
子房無花柱。蒴果具4翅，長1-1.4厘米，翅長2-3毫米，常微下垂，種子近圓盤狀，稍扁，直徑6-8毫米，包於橙色假種皮內。
Euonymus amygdalifolius Franchet; E. assamicus Blakelock; E. austrotibetanus Y. R. Li; E. burmanicus Merrill; E. crinitus Pampanini; E. dasydictyon Loesener & Rehder; E. frigidus f. elongatus (Cowan & A. H. Cowan) H. Hara; E. frigidus var. elongatus Cowan & A. H. Cowan; E. frigidus var. wardii (W. W. Smith) Blakelock; E. porphyreus Loesener; E. porphyreus var. angustifolius L. C. Wang & X. G. Sun; E. porphyreus var. ellipticus Blakelock; E. pygmaeus W. W. Smith; E. roseoperulatus Loesener; E. taliensis Loesener; E. wardii W. W. Smith.
Deciduous shrubs to small trees, 3-7 m tall; branches and twigs moderately sturdy, striate, brown or gray-brown when dry. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade thickly papery or thinly leathery, variously elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 6-11 × 2-3.5 cm, widest at mid-blade, base subrotund, cuneate, or attenuate, margin finely crenulate, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 5-7 pairs, disappearing before reaching margin.
Peduncle slender, 7-10 cm, 1 or 2 × dichotomously branched, several flowered; pedicel slender, 5-6 mm. Flowers 4-merous, less than 8 mm in diam.; sepals suborbicular, short; petals reddish to purple or brown, ovate, base cuneate. Ovary weakly angulate. Capsule green to brown, or yellow-brown when dry, nearly globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 4 short and obtuse wings, less than ca. 6 mm when fully developed. Aril bright red. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Nov.
Mixed forests, scrub; 500-4000 m. ?Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, ?Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
The gathering H. L. Tsiang 37838 from Sichuan was found to have 3- and 4-merous flowers co-existing on the same plant. The only other such occurrence is in Euonymus sachalinensis. The distribution reports from Gansu and Shanxi have not been confirmed.
分類文獻
Euonymus frigidus Wall. ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 2: 409. 1824; Loes. in Engl et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed, 1942, 20 (B): 118, 1942, pp; Blakel. in Kew Bull. 1948: 238. 1948; 1. c. 1952; 280. 1951. 中國高等植物圖鑑補編2: 230. 1983, 在檢索表中; 西藏植物志3: 13C. 1986. ——E. frigidus Wall. ex Roxb. var. wardii (W. W. Smith) Blakel. 1. c. 239. 1951; 西藏植物志3: 131. 1986. ——E. wardii W. W. Smith in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 37. 1917; 中國高等植物圖鑑補編2: 230. 1983, 在檢索表中.——-E. pygmaeus W. W. Smith 1. c., 35. 1917, syn. nov.
產地生境
產於雲南西部及西藏（墨脫）。生長於海拔1100-3000米的山間林中。分布於緬甸、印度。模式標本采自緬甸。