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华山黄耆 |
中文学名:华山黄耆 拉丁学名:Astragalus havianus Pet.-Stib. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:蔷薇目 亚 目:蔷薇亚目 科:豆科 亚 科:蝶形花亚科 族:山羊豆族·黄耆亚族 属:黄耆属 亚 属:华黄耆亚属 组:多枝组 |
华山黄耆(huá shān huáng qí,学名:Astragalus havianus Pet.-Stib.)为豆科黄芪属的植物,是中国的特有植物。分布在中国大陆的陕西等地,生长于海拔2,000米的地区,多生于山坡、路旁以及岩石缝中。 [1]
华山黄耆形态特征
多年生草本。茎细弱,多分枝,高约30厘米;幼枝疏被白色短柔毛,老时近无毛。
奇数羽状复叶,具13-19片小叶,长5-8厘米;叶柄长0.5-5厘米;托叶离生,卵形或卵状披针形,近无毛;小叶卵形或长圆形,长6-15毫米,宽3-6毫米,先端微凹,基部近圆形,上面无毛,下面被白色伏贴短柔毛,尤以中脉上为多,具短柄。
总状花序生7-10花,稍密集;总花梗腋生,较叶长或近等长,被白色伏贴短柔毛,近花序轴处混有黑色伏贴短柔毛;苞片卵状披针形,长1-2毫米,先端尖,下面被黑色和白色伏贴柔毛;小苞片缺;
花梗与苞片近等长,连同花序轴和总花梗被黑色或混有白色伏贴柔毛;花萼钟状,长3-4毫米,被黑色或混有白色伏贴短柔毛,萼齿锥状,长约为萼筒的1/2;
花冠淡紫色,旗瓣宽倒卵形,长8-10毫米,先端微凹,基部渐狭,翼瓣较旗瓣稍长或近等长,瓣片狭长圆形,先端钝尖,基部有较宽的长圆形短耳,瓣柄长约3毫米,龙骨瓣长7-8毫米,具短耳,瓣柄长约3毫米;子房披针形,密被白色或混有黑色柔毛,具柄。
荚果狭卵形,长7-8毫米,宽3-4毫米,先端尖,散生黑色短柔毛,果颈稍露出宿萼,1室,有种子3-4枚;种子淡褐色,肾形,长约2.5毫米。花期6-7月,果期7-8月。 [2]
Astragalus havianus Pet. -Stib. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 37. 1937-1938; 中国主要植物图说·豆科379. 1955. ——A. tasaricus Franch. var. maior Tsai et Yu in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 28. f. 7. 1936.
Astragalus havianus var. pallidiflorus Y. C. Ho; A. tatari-cus Franchet var. major H. T. Tsai & T. T. Yu.
Plants up to 30 cm tall, sparsely hairy or subglabrous, rarely ± densely hairy, with appressed white and in inflores-cence also black hairs 0.15-0.35 mm. Stems subglabrous to sparsely hairy. Leaves 3-7.5 cm; stipules green, 3-4 mm, ± high vaginate-connate behind stem, glabrous or sparsely ciliate; petiole short, like rachis sparsely to loosely hairy; leaflets in (5-)7-9 pairs, elliptic, 4-8(-15) × 1.5-4(-8) mm, flat, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially glabrous, rarely hairy on both surfaces, apex subacute. Racemes at anthesis densely 8-12-flowered, at fruiting time distinctly elongated; peduncle 4-6 cm, sparsely to loosely white hairy; bracts 1-1.5 mm, sparsely ciliate. Calyx 3-4 mm, sparsely to loosely white and black hairy; teeth unequal, 0.5-1.2 mm. Petals blue or pale purple; standard obovate, ca. 10 × 5-6 mm; wings ca. 9 mm; keel ca. 8 mm. Legumes with a stipe distinctly longer than calyx tube, obliquely ellipsoid, 7-8 mm, ca. 3 mm high, attenuate at both ends, dorsally shallowly grooved, with a short beak, nearly 1-locular; valves at first rather densely hairy, when ripe only with scattered black hairs.
● Loessic soil; 800-2000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
华山黄耆生长环境
生长于海拔2000米左右的山坡、路旁及岩石缝中。 [3]
华山黄耆分布范围
产于陕西的华山、太白山。[4]