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中文学名:反瓣老鹳草 二名法:Geranium refractum 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:牻牛儿苗目 科:牻牛儿苗科 属:老鹳草属 |
反瓣老鹳草（学名：Geranium refractum）是牻牛儿苗科老鹳草属的植物。分布于尼泊尔、锡金、缅甸、不丹以及中国大陆的西藏等地，生长于海拔3,800米至4,500米的地区，一般生长在山地灌丛以及草甸，尚未由人工引种栽培。 [1]
反瓣老鹳草形态特征
多年生草本，高约30-40厘米。根茎粗壮，斜生。茎多数，直立，被倒向开展的糙毛和腺毛。
叶对生；托叶卵状披针形，长15-20毫米，外被疏柔毛；基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄，柄长为叶片2-3倍；叶片五角状，长约4厘米，宽约5厘米，掌状5深裂近基部，裂片菱形或倒卵状菱形，下部全缘，表面被短伏毛，背面被疏柔毛。
总花梗腋生和顶生，长于叶，被倒向短柔毛和开展腺毛；花梗与总花梗相似，等于或长于花，花后下折；萼片长卵形或椭圆状卵形，长7-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端具短尖头；花瓣白色，倒长卵形，反折，长约为萼片的1.5倍，先端圆形，基部楔形；雌蕊被短柔毛。
花期7-8月，果期8-9月。 [2]
Geranium refractum Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 428. 1874; R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 53. 4 (129) : 135. 1912; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 73. 1975; 西藏植物志3: 7. 1986; Yen in Edinb. Journ. Bot. 49 (2): 163. 1992. p. p.
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 5-12 mm in diam., not tuberculate, with thickened roots along rootstock. Stem 16-50 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.2-1.3 mm retrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and rarely 0.7-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules broadly lanceolate, connate at least at base. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3-1.3 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and rarely 0.7-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 3.4-6.8 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.73-0.89, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes and rarely patent glandular trichomes; segments 5, rhombic, 3.5-7.5 mm wide at base, 6-18-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.17-0.28. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 3.9-10.3(-20) cm. Pedicel 0.4-4 cm, with 0.4-0.9 mm uncinate patent nonglandular trichomes and purplish 0.4-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 8.4-10.8 mm, mucro 0.8-2.2 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.09-0.22, outside with 0.3-1.4 mm antrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes and purplish 0.3-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals white or pale pink, (1-)1.2-1.5(-2) cm, reflexed, basally sometimes outside and also usually inside with trichomes, margin basally with a dense tuft of trichomes, apex rounded. Staminal filaments reddish purple to pink, lanceolate, abaxially sparsely pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.2-1.1(-1.6) mm; anthers blackish, 1.8-2.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxially glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma pale pink to purplish. Fruit 2.5-3.2 cm, nodding when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.5-1 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes; rostrum 1.7-2.2 cm, with a 5.2-6.2 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 2.6-3.3 mm. Seeds 2.7-3 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul- Aug. 2n = 28.
本种以其紫黑色的花药、花丝和花柱分枝不同于具有棕褐色上述器官的紫萼老鹳草G. refracfoides Pax et Hoffm. 它们的分布区也明显不同，前者分布于喜马拉雅山中段，后者分布于横断山的西藏东部、四川西部和云南西北部。
反瓣老鹳草生长环境
反瓣老鹳草生长于海拔3800～4500米的山地灌丛和草甸。
反瓣老鹳草分布范围
反瓣老鹳草分布于西藏南部（亚东）。尼泊尔、不丹、印度锡金邦和缅甸北部有分布。