四瓣马齿苋查看源代码讨论查看历史
四瓣马齿苋 |
中文名:四瓣马齿苋 拉丁学名:Portulaca quadrifida Linn 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:石竹目 科:马齿苋科 属:马齿苋属 种:四瓣马齿苋 |
四瓣马齿苋(sì bàn mǎ chǐ xiàn),学名:Portulaca quadrifida,俗名:四裂马齿苋,异名:Portulaca formosana Portulaca quadrifida var. formosana ,是马齿苋科马齿苋属的植物。分布在台湾岛、亚洲和非洲热带地区以及中国大陆的云南、海南、西沙群岛、广东等地,生长于海拔300米至900米的地区,一般生长在河谷田边、山坡草地、路旁阳处、空旷沙地和水沟边,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。 [1]
四瓣马齿苋形态特征
一年生、柔弱、肉质草本。茎匍匐,节上生根。叶对生,扁平,无柄或有短柄,叶片卵形、倒卵形或卵状椭圆形,长4~8毫米,宽2~5毫米;
顶端钝或急尖,向基部稍狭,腋间具开展的疏长柔毛。花小,单生枝端,围以4~5片轮生叶和白色长柔毛;萼片膜质,倒卵状长圆形,长2.5~3毫米,有脉纹;
花瓣4,黄色,长3~6毫米,长圆形或宽椭圆形,顶端圆,具短尖,基部合生;雄蕊8~10;子房卵圆形,有长柔毛,柱头 (3~) 4裂。
蒴果黄色,球形,直径约2.5毫米,果皮膜质;种子小,黑色,近球形,侧扁,有小瘤体。花果期几全年。
Portulaca formosana (Hayata) Hayata; P. quadrifida var. formosana Hayata.
Herbs annual. Stems articulated, prostrate, rooting at nodes; leaf axils patent pilose. Leaves opposite; petiole absent; leaf blade flat, ovate, obovate, or ovate-elliptic, 4-8 × 2-5 mm, slightly narrowed toward base, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers solitary, surrounded by involucre of 4 or 5 bracts, white pilose. Sepals obovate-oblong, 2.5-3 mm, membranous, veined. Petals 4, yellow, oblong or broadly elliptic, 3-6 mm, connate at base, apex mucronate. Stamens 8-10. Ovary ovoid. Stigma (3- or)4-lobed. Capsule globose, ca. 2.5 mm, pericarp membranous. Seeds gray, subglobose, laterally compressed, minute, muricate. Fl. and fr. year-round.
Open disturbed grounds, sandy soils. Guangdong, Hainan (including Xisha Qundao), Taiwan, S Yunnan [probably native to Africa, now pantropical].
The plants are used for medicinal purposes. They are sometimes a troublesome weed of cultivation, as they break up very easily and small fragments can act as propagules.
四瓣马齿苋生长环境
生于空旷沙地、河谷田边、山坡草地。
四瓣马齿苋产地分布
台湾(琉球屿、台南)、广东、海南、西沙群岛、云南(元阳、元江)
药用价值
全草药用,有止痢杀菌之效,治肠炎、腹泻、内痔出血等症。
分类文献
Portulaca quadrifida L., Mant. Pl. 1: 73. 1767; DC. in DC. Prodr. 3: 354. 1828; v. Poellnitz in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 37: 275. 1934; 海南植物志 1: 384. 1964; 台湾植物志2: 318. 1976.——P. quadrifida L. var. formosana Hayata in Journ. Coll. Scl. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1): 37. 1911 et Icon. Pl. Formos. 1: 74. 1911.——P. formosana (Hayata) Hayata, Gen. Ind. Fl. Formos. 7. 1917.