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圆果堇菜 |
中文学名:圆果堇菜 拉丁学名:Viola sphaerocarpa W. Beck 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:侧膜胎座目 亚 目:山茶亚目 科:堇菜科 属:堇菜属 亚 属:堇菜亚属 组:合生托叶组 |
圆果堇菜(yuán guǒ jǐn cài,学名:Viola sphaerocarpa)是堇菜科堇菜属的植物,为中国的特有植物。分布于中国大陆的四川等地,生长于海拔1,800米的地区,多生在山地林下、林缘以及灌木林下。 [1]
圆果堇菜形态特征
多年生草本,无地上茎,高6-12厘米,略被短柔毛。根状茎纤细,垂直,具不明显结节,下部有分枝的细根。
叶基生,多数,叶片灰绿色,圆心形或卵圆形,长与宽为2.5-3 (4) 厘米,先端稍尖或近渐尖,基部深心形或宽心形,两面散生短柔毛,下面脉上毛较多;叶柄长,无毛;托叶基部与叶柄合生,离生部分钻状条形,长0.8-1厘米,边缘疏生具腺体的长流苏状齿。
花梗长3-6厘米,无毛,中部以下有具缘毛的小苞片;萼片卵状披针形,背面沿脉被短毛,基部附属物长约3毫米,末端扩展。蒴果球形,无毛。 [2]
Viola sphaerocarpa W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 (2): 54. 1918.
Viola keiskei Miquel f. hirsutior W. Becker.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 6-12 cm tall, sparsely puberulous. Rhizome erect, whitish, slender, 2-2.5 mm in diam. inconspicuously noded, with branched rootlets in lower part. Leaves basal, numerous; stipules ca. 1/3 adnate to petioles at base, the free part subulate-linear, 0.8-1.4 cm, margin remotely glandular fimbriate-dentate; petiole to 13 cm, sparsely pubescent, narrowly winged in the upper part; leaf blade gray-green, orbicular-cordate or ovate-orbicular, 2.5-6.5 × 2-4.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous, more densely puberulous along veins abaxially, base deeply or broadly cordate, margin obtuse-serrate, apex ± acute or acuminate. Pedicels 3-6 cm, glabrous, with 2 ciliate bracteoles about the middle. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, puberulous along veins abaxially, basal auricles 2-3 mm, apex enlarged, dentate. Petals white, lateral petals bearded, anterior one 1.5-1.8 cm including spur, spur ca. 6 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Ovary glabrous. Capsule globose, 6-10 mm, glabrous. Seeds ca. 1.8 mm, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Mar, fr. May-Oct.
● Mountain forests, forest margins, thickets; 1200-3000 m. Chongqing, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
圆果堇菜生长环境
生长于山地林下、林缘、灌木林下。