大罗湾草查看源代码讨论查看历史
大罗湾草 |
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门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:单子叶植物纲 Monocotyledoneae 目:禾本目 Graminales 科:禾本科 Gramineae 亚科:早熟禾亚科 Pooideae 族:单穗草族 Monermeae 属:黍属 Parapholis |
大罗湾草(dà luó wān cǎo),学名 Panicum luzonense J. Presl,俗名:大罗网草,异名:Panicum cambogiense Panicum cruciabile ,一年生草本。秆单生或丛生,直立或膝曲,高30-60厘米,稍粗壮,节上密生硬刺毛。植株除小穗外,多少被疣基毛。叶鞘松弛,短于或下部的长于节间;叶舌极短,顶端被长约1.5毫米的睫毛;叶片披针形至线状披针形,产广东、广西和台湾等省区;生于田间或林缘。 [1]
形态特征
一年生草本。秆单生或丛生,直立或膝曲,高30-60厘米,稍粗壮,节上密生硬刺毛。植株除小穗外,多少被疣基毛。叶鞘松弛,短于或下部的长于节间;
叶舌极短,顶端被长约1.5毫米的睫毛;叶片披针形至线状披针形,长5-15厘米,宽3-10毫米,顶端尖,基部圆形。圆锥花序开展,长15-30厘米,主轴被疣基毛;
分枝纤细,有棱槽,粗糙;小穗椭圆形,长2-2.5毫米,绿色或带紫色,无毛,顶端尖,具柄,第一颖宽卵形,长约为小穗的1/2,顶端尖,基部包卷小穗,具5-7脉,脉间具横纹;
第二颖卵状椭圆形,与小穗等长,顶端喙尖,具9-11脉,脉间具横脉,成熟后常先早落;第一外稃与第二颖等长同形,具7-9脉,脉间具横纹,其内稃透明膜质,长约与外稃相等;
第二外稃椭圆形,革质,长1.5-1.8毫米,平滑光亮,顶端钝;鳞被有多数脉,长约0.26毫米,宽约0.32毫米。染色体2n=18。花果期8-10月。
Panicum cambogiense Balansa; P. cruciabile Chase.
Annual, tufted, hispid. Culms erect or geniculately ascending, 30–150 cm tall, nodes bearded. Leaves cauline; leaf sheaths loose; leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, flat, 5–20(–40) × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cordate, margins scabrid, apex acute; ligule ciliate. Panicles terminal and axillary, ovate to oblong in outline, 10–30(–50) cm, moderately branched with the spikelets evenly spread throughout the panicle, branches scabrid.
Spikelets elliptic to obovate, somewhat plump, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous; lower glume broadly ovate, 1/3–1/2 length of spikelet, 5–7-veined, acute, separated by an internode; upper glume ovate, as long as spikelet, 9–11-veined, transverse veins present, acute; lower lemma similar to upper glume, palea well developed but floret barren; upper floret elliptic, yellow, smooth, shiny. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 18.
Fields, forest margins. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka; Australia].
分类文献
大罗网草(广州植物志)网脉稷(禾本科图说)图版61:13-18
Panicum cambogiense Balansa in Journ. de Bot. 4:142. 1890: Reeder in Tourn. Ann. Arb. 29:268. 1948;广州植物志805. 1956; 中国主要植物图说 禾本科657. 图597. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burm. Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 325. 1960; Hsu in Journ. Jap. Bot. 38(3): 80. 1963, 台湾的禾草553. 图171. 1975; 台湾植物志5: 572. 1978; H. B. Gill. et al. Fl. Malaya 3: 141. Pl. 17d. 1971: 海南植物志4. 407. 1977.——Panicum cruciabile A. Chase in Journ. Arn. Arb. 20: 309. 1939;中国高等植物图鉴5. 861. 1977.——Panicum caesium auct. non Nees 1836: Nees in Journ. Bot. Kew Misc. 2: 97. 1850. ——Panicum reticulatum auct. non Tort. nec Griseb. : Thwaites in Trimen. Journ. Bot. Brit. et For. 23:271. 1885.
产地生境
产广东、广西和台湾等省区;生于田间或林缘。印度、斯里兰卡、缅甸、柬埔寨、菲律宾、印度尼西亚等地也有分布。模式标本采自柬埔寨。