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中文学名:大花南芥 拉丁学名:Arabis macrantha C. C. Yuan & T. Y. Cheo 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Dicotyledoneae 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 Archichlamydeae 目:罂粟目 Rhoeadales 亚 目:白花菜亚目 Capparineae 科:十字花科 Cruciferae 族:南芥族 Trib. Arabideae 属:南芥属 Arabis |
大花南芥（学名：Arabis macrantha）为十字花科南芥属下的一个种，多年生草本，高15-35厘米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月，中国特有的一种植物物种，多生于山坡草丛中。 [1]
大花南芥形态特征
主根粗壮，圆锥状，顶端具侧根。茎分枝或不分枝，直立，有细纵沟，被有单毛、2-3叉毛和星状毛，以基部较密。
基生叶少数，簇生，叶片倒卵状匙形至椭圆形，长1.5-5厘米，宽约15毫米，顶端钝圆，边缘有星状毛，全缘或有波状浅齿，基部下延成翅状的叶柄；茎生叶1-4片，狭长椭圆形，长1-2.5厘米，宽约10毫米，全缘或有浅齿，顶端钝，基部常抱茎，两面均被星状毛。
总状花序顶生或腋生；有花10-15朵；萼片椭圆形，长4-5毫米，无毛；花瓣粉红色，倒卵形，长约13毫米，宽约3毫米，顶端钝圆，基部呈爪状；子房长约12毫米，柱头头状。
长角果线形，长3-6厘米，排列疏松，斜向伸展，直立，果瓣具明显中脉，宿存花柱长达2毫米；果梗长15-20毫米。种子每室1行，约20粒，未见成熟种子。
Herbs perennial, 15-40 cm tall, often densely tomentose or pilose, with primarily short-stalked, stellate trichomes, these sometimes mixed with much fewer, simple or forked ones, rarely plants glabrescent and trichomes restricted primarily to leaf margins. Stems erect, often branched at base. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5-5 cm; leaf blade obovate-spatulate, oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 1.5-5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, base attenuate, margin dentate or entire, apex obtuse or rounded. Middle cauline leaves sessile, oblong-linear, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, 1-4(-5.5) cm × 2-8 mm, base obtuse or auriculate, margin dentate or entire. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, (0.8-)1.2-2.4(-3) cm, slender, straight, glabrous. Sepals oblong, 3.5-5 × 1.2-1.8 mm, glabrous, lateral pair saccate. Petals white or pinkish, oblong or narrowly oblanceolate, 0.9-1.4 cm × 2-4 mm, apex obtuse. Filaments 5-8 mm; anthers oblong, 1-1.5 mm. Ovules 40-70 per ovary. Fruit 3-6 cm × 1-1.2 mm; valves with a prominent midvein extending full length, slightly torulose, glabrous; style 1-1.5 mm. Seeds brown, oblong, ca. 1.2 × 0.5 mm, uniseriate, narrowly winged apically. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. May-Jul.
Grassy slopes, rock crevices, dry cliffs, stony pastures; 2400-3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan [Kashmir, Pakistan].
Arabis bijuga, which was previously thought to be restricted to Kashmir and Pakistan, is recorded here for the first time from China. The records from Sichuan are based on Soulié 1493 (P) and the type collection of A. macrantha, Fang Wen-pei et al. 12402 (NAS, SZ); the record from Yunnan is based on Yü 8456 (BM), Forrest 20147 (E, US), and Forrest 16192 (E).
The type collection of Arabis bijuga is basically indistinguishable from those of A. macrantha and A. pangiensis except for being glabrescent (vs. moderately to densely tomentose). However, this difference alone does not justify the recognition of more than one species.
大花南芥生长环境
生长于山坡草丛中。