巫山堇菜查看源代码讨论查看历史
| 巫山堇菜 |
|
中文学名:巫山堇菜 拉丁学名:Viola henryi H. de Boiss. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:侧膜胎座目 亚 目:山茶亚目 科:堇菜科 属:堇菜属 亚 属:堇菜亚属 组:双缘柱头堇菜组 |
巫山堇菜（wū shān jǐn cài，学名：Viola henryi）是堇菜科堇菜属的植物，为我国的特有植物。产湖北、湖南、四川。生于海拔400-600米山谷密林下阴湿处。 [1]
巫山堇菜形态特征
多年生草本，高达30-40厘米。根状茎斜生或垂直，长达7厘米，粗约2-4毫米，节间长1-2厘米，密生多数细长的支根。地上茎单一或数条，直立，平滑无毛，基部无叶，中下部叶较稀疏，顶部叶密集。
叶片卵形或卵状披针形，长3.5-8厘米，宽2-4厘米，基部浅心形或圆形，稍下延，先端长渐尖，边缘具向内弯曲的钝锯齿，上面绿色，两面散生短柔毛或近无毛；叶柄长1-8厘米，茎中、下部叶的叶柄较长，通常稍长于叶片，或与叶片近等长，顶部叶的叶柄明显短于叶片；托叶绿色，卵形，长约5-7毫米，先端渐尖，边缘具流苏状齿。
花淡紫堇色，生于顶部叶的叶腋；花梗细弱，远较叶为短，上部具2枚近对生的钻状小苞片；
萼片狭条形，长约4毫米，宽约0.7毫米，先端稍尖，边缘狭膜质，基部附属物极短，末端截形；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，上方花瓣长约10-12毫米，宽约4毫米，侧方花瓣长约11毫米，宽约3毫米，里面基部无须毛，下方花瓣连距长约9毫米；距浅囊状，长2-3毫米，粗约2.5毫米；
花药长约2毫米，药隔顶端附属物长约2毫米，下方雄蕊之距短角状，长约2毫米，粗约2毫米；子房卵球形，无毛 (但原始记载有长柔毛) ，花柱棍棒状，基部向前方稍膝曲，柱头两侧及后方具稍肥厚的缘边，前方具近直立的短喙，喙端具圆形的柱头孔。
花期3-5月。 [2]
Viola henryi H. de Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 (11): 1075. 1901; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 425. 1917.
Herbs perennial, to 30-40 cm tall. Rhizome obliquely ascending or erect, to 7 cm, 2-4 mm in diam., with numerous long, slender rootlets. Stems solitary or several, erect, smooth, glabrous, leafless at base, few leaved at middle and lower parts, densely leaved at apex. Stipules green, ovate, 5-7 mm, margin fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petioles 1-8 cm, those of leaves at middle and lower parts longer, usually slightly longer than or subequaling blades, those of leaves at apex conspicuously shorter than blades; blades adaxially green, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-8 × 2-4 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, base shallowly cordate or rounded, slightly decurrent, margin obtusely serrate, apex long acuminate. Flowers in leaf axils at apex, purplish violet; pedicels much shorter than leaves, slender, 2-bracteolate at upper part; bracteoles opposite, subulate. Sepals narrowly linear, ca. 4 × 0.7 mm, margin narrowly membranous, apex acuminate, basal auricles very short, apex truncate. Petals oblong-obovate, upper ones 1-1.2 cm × ca. 4 mm, lateral ones ca. 1.1 cm × 3 mm, glabrous, anterior one ca. 9 mm (spur included); spur shallowly saccate, 2-3 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 2 mm, spur of 2 anterior stamens shortly angular, ca. 2 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate forward at base; stigmas margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, beak nearly erect, with a rounded stigma hole at tip. Fl. May, fr. Jul.
巫山堇菜生长环境
生长于海拔400-600米山谷密林下阴湿处。